Ranunculus trilobus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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threelobe buttercup |
ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
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Stems | erect or reclining, hispid or sometimes glabrous. |
erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
Basal leaves | simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
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Flowers | pedicellate; receptacle hispid; sepals 5, reflexed, 3-4 × 2 mm, sparsely hispid; petals 5, 4-5 × 2-3 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
Heads of achenes | ovoid, 8-9 × 6-7 mm; achenes 30-60 per head, 2 × 2 mm, faces densely tuberculate, glabrous, margin smooth; beak semicircular, hooked, 0.3 mm. |
hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
Basal | and lower cauline leaf blades cordate-ovate, 3-foliolate, 5-8 × 3-6(-7) cm, leaflets again cleft or parted, leaflet base obtuse to acute, margins dentate, apex rounded to acute. |
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Tuberous | roots present. |
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Ranunculus trilobus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Fields and roadsides | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas |
Elevation | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; LA; SC; TX; native to Europe [Introduced in North America] |
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | |
Name authority | Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 1: 437. (1799) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) |
Web links |
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