The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

threelobe buttercup

Eschscholtz's buttercup, snow buttercup, subalpine buttercup

Roots

slender, 0.4-1.6 mm thick.

Stems

erect or reclining, hispid or sometimes glabrous.

erect or decumbent from short or long caudices, 4-27 cm, glabrous, each with 1-3 flowers.

Basal leaves

persistent, blades reniform or cordate to obovate or broadly oblong, lobed or 3-parted, 0.5-4.1 × 0.8-3.7 cm, segments again 1(-2)×-lobed, base obtuse to cordate, apices of segments rounded in outline.

Flowers

pedicellate;

receptacle hispid;

sepals 5, reflexed, 3-4 × 2 mm, sparsely hispid;

petals 5, 4-5 × 2-3 mm.

pedicels glabrous;

receptacle glabrous or sparsely pilose;

sepals 4-8 × 2-6 mm, abaxially glabrous or pilose;

petals 5-8, 6-16 × 4-16 mm;

nectary scale glabrous.

Heads of achenes

ovoid, 8-9 × 6-7 mm;

achenes 30-60 per head, 2 × 2 mm, faces densely tuberculate, glabrous, margin smooth;

beak semicircular, hooked, 0.3 mm.

cylindric or ovoid, 5-10 × 4-7 mm;

achenes 1.4-2 × 1-1.6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

beak lanceolate or subulate, straight (sometimes curved when immature), 0.6-1.8 mm.

Basal

and lower cauline leaf blades cordate-ovate, 3-foliolate, 5-8 × 3-6(-7) cm, leaflets again cleft or parted, leaflet base obtuse to acute, margins dentate, apex rounded to acute.

Ranunculus trilobus

Ranunculus eschscholtzii

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr).
Habitat Fields and roadsides
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; SC; TX; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (5 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Ultimate segments and sinuses of basal leaves acute or acuminate.
→ 2
1. Ultimate segments and sinuses of basal leaves rounded or obtuse (sometimes broadly rounded-acute).
→ 3
2. Leaf blade reniform, base truncate or cordate.
var. suksdorfii
2. Leaf blade obovate to broadly oblong, base obtuse or rounded.
var. eximius
3. Middle segments of many basal leaves lobed and toothed or 2×-lobed.
var. trisectus
3. Middle segments of basal leaves unlobed or 1×-lobed.
→ 4
4. Caudices with few or no persistent leaf bases; basal leaves always 3-parted; widespread in w North America.
var. eschscholtzii
4. Caudices densely clothed with persistent leaf bases; basal leaves sometimes parted but usually merely lobed; California and w Nevada.
var. oxynotus
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Echinella Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Epirotes
Sibling taxa
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
Subordinate taxa
R. eschscholtzii var. eschscholtzii, R. eschscholtzii var. eximius, R. eschscholtzii var. oxynotus, R. eschscholtzii var. suksdorfii, R. eschscholtzii var. trisectus
Name authority Desfontaines: Fl. Atlant. 1: 437. (1799) Schlechtendal: Animadv. Bot. Ranunc. Cand. 2: 16. (1820)
Web links