Ranunculus testiculatus |
Ranunculus muricatus |
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bur buttercup, hornseed buttercup, tubercled crowfoot |
buttercup, spiny-fruit buttercup |
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Stems | erect or ascending, not rooting nodally, villous, not bulbous-based. |
reclining or erect, glabrous or sparsely pilose. |
Basal leaf | blades broadly spatulate in outline, 1-2x-dissected, 0.9-3.8 × 0.5-1.5 cm, segments linear, margins entire, apex obtuse to acuminate. |
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Flowers | receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 3-6 × 1-2 mm, villous; petals yellow, 3-5 × 1-3 mm. |
pedicellate; receptacle hispid; sepals 5, reflexed, 4-7 × 2-3 mm, sparsely bristly; petals 5, 4-8 × 2-4.5 mm. |
Heads of achenes | cylindric, 9-16(-27) × 8-10 mm; achenes 1.6-2 × 1.8-2 mm, tomentose; beak persistent, lanceolate, 3.5-4.5 mm. |
globose, 13-16 × 13-16 mm; achenes 10-20 per head, 5-5.5 × 3-3.5 mm, faces covered with long spines, glabrous, margin smooth; beak lanceolate, curved, 2-2.5 mm. |
Tuberous | roots absent. |
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Basal | and lower cauline leaf blades broadly cordate to reniform or semicircular, undivided or 3-lobed, 2-5 × 3-6.5 cm, base rounded to cordate, margins coarsely crenate, apex rounded. |
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Ranunculus testiculatus |
Ranunculus muricatus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering spring (Mar–Jun). |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, especially in grassland | Fields and roadsides |
Elevation | 400-2500 m (1300-8200 ft) | 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OH; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; BC; SK; native to Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OR; SC; TX; WA; South America; native to Eurasia; Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus testiculatus seems to be expanding its range rapidly in arid and semiarid areas. A second species of this subgenus, R. falcatus Linnaeus [Ceratocephala falcata (Linnaeus) Persoon], has been reported from North America, but all reports seem to be based on misidentified material of R. testiculatus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ceratocephala | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Echinella |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ceratocephalus orthoceras, Ceratocephalus testiculatus | |
Name authority | Crantz: Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 97. (1763) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 555. (1753) |
Web links |
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