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bur buttercup, hornseed buttercup, tubercled crowfoot

Rocky Mountain buttercup

Roots

slender, 0.7-1.3 mm thick.

Stems

erect or ascending, not rooting nodally, villous, not bulbous-based.

erect from short caudices, 6-15 cm, glabrous or sometimes pilose, each with 1-2 flowers.

Basal leaves

blades broadly spatulate in outline, 1-2x-dissected, 0.9-3.8 × 0.5-1.5 cm, segments linear, margins entire, apex obtuse to acuminate.

persistent, blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, undivided, 1.5-4.5 × 0.5-1.1(-2.8) cm, base acute or long-attenuate, margins entire except for apex, apex truncate or rounded and 3(-5)-toothed.

Flowers

receptacle glabrous;

sepals spreading, 3-6 × 1-2 mm, villous;

petals yellow, 3-5 × 1-3 mm.

pedicels glabrous or brown-pilose;

receptacle glabrous;

sepals 6-12 × 2.5-8 mm, abaxially densely brown-pilose;

petals 5(-8), 10-19 × 6-17 mm;

nectary scale glabrous.

Heads of achenes

cylindric, 9-16(-27) × 8-10 mm;

achenes 1.6-2 × 1.8-2 mm, tomentose;

beak persistent, lanceolate, 3.5-4.5 mm.

ovoid or cylindric, 5-10 × 4-5.5 mm;

achenes 1.5-1.7 × 1.2-1.3 mm, glabrous;

beak slender, straight or recurved, 0.5-1.5(-2.2) mm.

Tuberous

roots absent.

Ranunculus testiculatus

Ranunculus macauleyi

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering late spring–summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Disturbed areas, especially in grassland Sunny open soil of alpine meadows and slopes
Elevation 400-2500 m (1300-8200 ft) 3300-3700 m (10800-12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OH; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; BC; SK; native to Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CO; NM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In North America, Ranunculus testiculatus seems to be expanding its range rapidly in arid and semiarid areas. A second species of this subgenus, R. falcatus Linnaeus [Ceratocephala falcata (Linnaeus) Persoon], has been reported from North America, but all reports seem to be based on misidentified material of R. testiculatus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The type specimen of Ranunculus macauleyi var. brandegeei L. D. Benson, from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Colorado, differs from typical R. macauleyi in its tall stem, broad, crenate-laciniate leaves, and sepals with pale or transparent hairs. These characteristics are suggestive of R. inamoenus, and the plant may be of hybrid ancestry.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ceratocephala Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Epirotes
Sibling taxa
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
Synonyms Ceratocephalus orthoceras, Ceratocephalus testiculatus
Name authority Crantz: Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 97. (1763) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 45. (1879)
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