Ranunculus orthorhynchus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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Bloomer's buttercup, straight-beak buttercup, swamp buttercup |
ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
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Roots | sometimes fleshy and ± tuberous. |
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Stems | nearly erect or decumbent, never rooting nodally, hispid, strigose, or glabrous, base not bulbous. |
erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
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Basal leaves | blades narrowly ovate to oblong or semicircular in outline, simple to 3-5-lobed or -foliolate, 2.8-12.5 × 2.5-14 cm, leaflets or segments undivided or 1-2x-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments circular to linear, margins dentate, crenate, or entire, apex rounded to narrowly acute. |
simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
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Flowers | receptacle hispid; sepals reflexed 1-2 mm above base, 5-11 × 2-4 mm, hispid, hirsute, or glabrous; petals 5-6, abaxially yellow or red, adaxially yellow, 8-18 × 4-11 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
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Heads of achenes | hemispheric to ovoid, 5-13 × 6-10 mm; achenes 2.8-4.5 × 1.8-3.2 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, narrowly lanceolate to subulate, straight, 1.8-3.8(-4.8) mm. |
hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
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Tuberous | roots present. |
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Ranunculus orthorhynchus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||||||
Habitat | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas | |||||||||
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Varieties 3 The first two varieties (Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. orthorhynchus and R. orthorhynchus var. platyphyllus) are rather weak, intergrading extensively in California and Oregon. By contrast, R. orthorhynchus var. bloomeri often grows with the others with little or no intergradation (although intermediate populations are found in some areas), and it has been treated as a distinct species, R. bloomeri, by many taxonomists. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Ranunculus | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ficaria | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | |||||||||
Name authority | Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 21. (1829) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) | ||||||||
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