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western buttercup

creeping buttercup, crowfoot, double flower creeping buttercup, renoncule rampante, spot-leaf crowfoot

Roots

never tuberous.

never tuberous.

Stems

erect to reclining, not rooting nodally, hirsute or sometimes pilose or glabrous, base not bulbous.

decumbent or creeping, rooting nodally, hispid to strigose or almost glabrous, base not bulbous.

Basal leaf blades

broadly ovate to semicircular or reniform in outline, 3-parted or -foliolate, 1.5-5.3 × 2.2-8 cm, segments usually again 1(-2)×-lobed, ultimate segments oblong or elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins dentate (sometimes dentate-lobulate or entire), apex acute to rounded-obtuse.

ovate to reniform in outline, 3-foliolate, 1-8.5 × 1.5-10 cm, leaflets lobed, parted, or parted and again lobed, ultimate segments obovate to elliptic or sometimes narrowly oblong, margins toothed, apex obtuse to acuminate.

Flowers

receptacle glabrous;

sepals reflexed 2-3 mm above base, 4-7(-9) × 2-4 mm, hirsute;

petals 5-14, yellow, 5-13 × 1.5-8 mm.

receptacle hispid or rarely glabrous;

sepals spreading or reflexed from base, 4-7(-10) × 1.5-3(-4) mm, hispid or sometimes glabrous;

petals 5(-150), yellow, 6-18 × 5-12 mm.

Heads of achenes

hemispheric, 3-7 × 5-9 mm;

achenes 2.6-3.6(-4.8) × 1.8-3(-3.2) mm, glabrous, rarely hispid, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide;

beak persistent, lanceolate to lance-subulate, straight or curved, 0.4-2.2 mm.

globose or ovoid, 5-10 × 5-8 mm;

achenes 2.6-3.2 × 2-2.8 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide;

beak persistent, lanceolate to lance-filiform, curved, 0.8-1.2 mm.

2n

= 14, 32.

Ranunculus occidentalis

Ranunculus repens

Phenology Flowering late winter–summer (Mar–Aug).
Habitat Meadows, borders of marshes, lawns, roadsides
Elevation 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; NV; OR; WA; AB; BC; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; YT; SPM; Central America; South America; Pacific Islands; Greenland; native to Eurasia; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 7

The seeds of Ranunculus occidentalis were eaten by some Californian Indians. D. E. Moerman (1986) identified this taxon as an Aleut poison: juice of the flowers could be slipped into food to poison the person who ate it.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Ranunculus repens is widely naturalized in many parts of the world. Plants with sparse pubescence have been called R. repens var. glabratus. Horticultural forms with the outer stamens transformed into numerous extra petals occasionally become established and have been called R. repens var. pleniflorus. These variants have no taxonomic significance.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Petals 8-14; Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C.
var. hexasepalus
1. Petals 5-6; widespread.
→ 2
2. Stem 4-8 mm thick; beak of achene 1.8-2.4 mm, curved; coastal Alaska.
var. nelsonii
2. Stem 1-3(-4) mm thick; beak of achene either 0.4-1.4 mm and curved, or 1.2-2.2 mm and straight; widespread.
→ 3
3. Beak of achene straight, 1.2-2.2 mm; Oregon and northernmost California.
→ 4
3. Beak of achene curved, 0.4-1.4 mm; widespread.
→ 5
4. Ultimate segments of leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate.
var. dissectus
4. Ultimate segments of leaves elliptic.
var. howellii
5. Petals 1.5-2.5 mm wide; beak of achene 0.4-1.2 mm; stems ± reclining; Sierra Nevada, above 1000m.
var. ultramontanus
5. Petals 3-8 mm wide; beak of achene (0.6-)1-1.4 mm; stems erect or reclining; widespread.
→ 6
6. Stems pilose or glabrous; Alaska to c British Columbia and Alberta.
var. brevistylis
6. Stems hirsute, sometimes glabrous; California to sw British Columbia.
var. occidentalis
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Ranunculus Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Ranunculus
Sibling taxa
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
Subordinate taxa
R. occidentalis var. brevistylis, R. occidentalis var. dissectus, R. occidentalis var. hexasepalus, R. occidentalis var. howellii, R. occidentalis var. nelsonii, R. occidentalis var. occidentalis, R. occidentalis var. ultramontanus
Synonyms R. repens var. erectus, R. repens var. glabratus, R. repens var. linearilobus, R. repens var. pleniflorus, R. repens var. villosus
Name authority Nuttall: in J. Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 22. (1838) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 554. (1753)
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