Ranunculus macranthus |
Ranunculus acris |
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large buttercup, showy buttercup, smallflower buttercup |
acrid buttercup, bouton d'or, meadow buttercup, renoncule âcre, tall buttercup, tall crowfoot |
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Roots | tuberous. |
never tuberous. |
Stems | erect or decumbent, never rooting nodally, hispid, base not bulbous. |
erect from short caudex or rhizome, never rooting nodally, hispid, strigose, or glabrous, base not bulbous. |
Basal leaf blades | ovate in outline, 3-5-foliolate, 3.8-10 × 2.7-9 cm, leaflets 1x-lobed, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, margins entire or with few teeth, apex broadly acute to rounded-obtuse. |
pentagonal in outline, deeply 3-5-parted, 1.8-5.2 × 2.7-9.8 cm, segments 1-2x-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or oblong to lanceolate, margins toothed or lobulate, apex acute to rounded. |
Flowers | receptacle hispid; sepals spreading or weakly reflexed ca. 1 mm above base, 7-10 × 3-5 mm, hispid; petals 10-22, yellow, 12-22 × 4-9 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 4-6(-9) × 2-5 mm, hispid; petals 5, yellow, 8-11(-17) × 7-13 mm. |
Heads of achenes | globose to cylindric, 8-14 × 8-10 mm; achenes 2.2-4.2 × 2.8-3.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.4-0.6 mm wide; beak usually persistent, filiform from deltate base, straight, 2-4 mm. |
globose, 5-7(-10) mm wide; achenes 2-3 × 1.8-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, deltate, usually with tip short or long, straight or curved, subulate, 0.2-1 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
= 14. |
Ranunculus macranthus |
Ranunculus acris |
|
Phenology | Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). | Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep). |
Habitat | Riverbanks and wet meadows | Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields |
Elevation | 0-400 m (0-1300 ft) | 0-2300 m (0-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
TX
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AK; AL; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Pacific Islands; Australia [Largely introduced]
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Discussion | Ranunculus acris is variable in form and division of leaves, size of achene beak, and form of indument on the proximal stem. Most North American plants are weedy and have poorly differentiated caudices; these forms probably were introduced from Eurasia. Rhizomatous plants with large flowers (parenthetic measurements above) found in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and in Greenland are probably native. Aleutian populations of this form have been called R. acris var. frigidus Regel or R. grandis Honda var. austrokurilensis (Tatewaki) H. Hara. Both names were originally applied to Asiatic plants, and their applicability to American specimens is open to question. Some Native American tribes used Ranunculus acris as an analgesic, a dermatological or oral aid, an antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, and a sedative (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. fascicularis var. cuneiformis | R. acris var. latisectus |
Name authority | Scheele: Linnaea 21: 585. (1848) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 554. (1753) |
Web links |
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