Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus macounii |
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ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
Macoun's buttercup, renoncule de Macoun |
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Roots | never tuberous. |
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Stems | erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
prostrate to nearly erect, often rooting nodally, hirsute or glabrous, base not bulbous. |
Basal leaves | simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
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Basal leaf blades | cordate to reniform in outline, 3-foliolate, 3.7-7.5 × 4.5-9.5 cm, leaflets 3-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments elliptic or lance-elliptic, margins toothed or lobulate, apex acute to broadly acute. |
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Flowers | receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
receptacle hirsute; sepals spreading or reflexed ca. 1 mm above base, 4-6 × 1.5-3 mm, glabrous or hirsute; petals 5, yellow, 4-6 × 3.5-5 mm. |
Heads of achenes | hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
globose or ovoid, 7-11 × 7-10 mm; achenes 2.4-3 × 2-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, straight or nearly so, 1-1.2 mm. |
Tuberous | roots present. |
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2n | = 32, 48. |
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Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus macounii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep). |
Habitat | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas | Meadows, depressions in woodlands, ditches, edges of streams and ponds, on wet soil or emergent from shallow water |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-2900 m (0-9500 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Through most of its range, Ranunculus macounii has conspicuously hispid herbage. Glabrous plants are found, however, in the lower Columbia River valley (southwestern Washington and adjacent Oregon). This variant has been called R. macounii var. oreganus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | R. macounii var. oreganus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) | Britton: Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 12: 3. (1892) |
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