Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus hyperboreus |
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ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
arctic buttercup, far-northern buttercup, high northern buttercup, renoncule hyperboréale |
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Stems | erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
prostrate, glabrous, rooting nodally. |
Leaves | basal leaves absent, cauline leaf blades reniform to broadly flabellate, deeply 3-lobed or 3-parted, 0.3-1.2 × 0.5-2.1 cm, base obtuse to cordate, lobes undivided or lateral lobes cleft, terminal segment entire or distally crenulate, apex rounded. |
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Basal leaves | simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
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Flowers | receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals 3-4, spreading or reflexed from base, 2-4 × 1-3 mm, glabrous; petals 3-4, 2-4 × 1-3 mm; nectary on petal surface, scale poorly developed and forming crescent-shaped ridge surrounding but not covering nectary; style 0.1-0.2 mm. |
Heads of achenes | hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
globose or short-ovoid, 3-5 × 2-5 mm; achenes 1-1.4 × 0.8-1.2 mm, glabrous; beak linear, curved, 0.1-0.4 mm. |
Tuberous | roots present. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus hyperboreus |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering late spring–summer (Jun–Aug). |
Habitat | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas | Floating in shallow water or stranded on exposed mud at margins of streams and ponds and open wet soil and marshes, in tundra or boreal or subalpine forest |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-3400 m (0-11200 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AK; CO; ID; MT; NV; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Specimens of Ranunculus hyperboreus from the central and southern Rocky Mountains have the leaves always cordate and the fruiting heads always 4-5 mm; they have been separated as R. hyperboreus subsp. intertextus. Although Arctic specimens are more variable, they often have shallowly cordate leaf bases and equally large heads of achenes, so segregation of the subspecies seems inappropriate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | R. hyperboreus subsp. arnellii, R. hyperboreus subsp. intertextus, R. hyperboreus var. samojedorum, R. hyperboreus var. tricrenatus, R. hyperboreus var. turquetilianus, R. natans var. intertextus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) | Rottbøll: Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 458. (1770) |
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