Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus eschscholtzii |
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ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
Eschscholtz's buttercup, snow buttercup, subalpine buttercup |
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Roots | slender, 0.4-1.6 mm thick. |
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Stems | erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
erect or decumbent from short or long caudices, 4-27 cm, glabrous, each with 1-3 flowers. |
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Basal leaves | simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
persistent, blades reniform or cordate to obovate or broadly oblong, lobed or 3-parted, 0.5-4.1 × 0.8-3.7 cm, segments again 1(-2)×-lobed, base obtuse to cordate, apices of segments rounded in outline. |
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Flowers | receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
pedicels glabrous; receptacle glabrous or sparsely pilose; sepals 4-8 × 2-6 mm, abaxially glabrous or pilose; petals 5-8, 6-16 × 4-16 mm; nectary scale glabrous. |
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Heads of achenes | hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
cylindric or ovoid, 5-10 × 4-7 mm; achenes 1.4-2 × 1-1.6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; beak lanceolate or subulate, straight (sometimes curved when immature), 0.6-1.8 mm. |
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Tuberous | roots present. |
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Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus eschscholtzii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas | |||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 6 (5 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | |||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) | Schlechtendal: Animadv. Bot. Ranunc. Cand. 2: 16. (1820) | ||||||||||||||||
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