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ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire

Allegheny crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup

Roots

slender, 0.2-0.8 mm thick.

Stems

erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils.

erect or nearly erect, 10-50 cm, glabrous, each with 9-40 flowers.

Basal leaves

simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse.

persistent, blades reniform, outer undivided, inner 3-lobed to 3-foliolate, 1-3.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm, base truncate or cordate, margins crenate, apex rounded or obtuse.

Flowers

receptacle glabrous;

sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous;

petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm.

pedicels pubescent or glabrous;

receptacle sparsely pilose;

sepals 2-3 × 1-2 mm, abaxially sparsely hispid, hairs colorless;

petals 5, 1-2 × 0.5-1 mm;

nectary scale glabrous.

Heads of achenes

hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm;

achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent;

beak absent.

globose to ovoid, 3-7 × 3-5 mm;

achenes 1.5-2 × 1.4-1.8 mm, glabrous;

beak slender, strongly curved, 0.6-1 mm.

Tuberous

roots present.

2n

= 16.

Ranunculus ficaria

Ranunculus allegheniensis

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul).
Habitat Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas Woods and pastures
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CT; KY; MA; MD; NC; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates.

The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ficaria Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Epirotes
Sibling taxa
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allegheniensis, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
R. abortivus, R. acriformis, R. acris, R. adoneus, R. alismifolius, R. allenii, R. ambigens, R. andersonii, R. aquatilis, R. arizonicus, R. arvensis, R. auricomus, R. austro-oreganus, R. bonariensis, R. bulbosus, R. californicus, R. canus, R. cardiophyllus, R. cooleyae, R. cymbalaria, R. eschscholtzii, R. fascicularis, R. fasciculatus, R. ficaria, R. flabellaris, R. flammula, R. gelidus, R. glaberrimus, R. glacialis, R. gmelinii, R. gormanii, R. harveyi, R. hebecarpus, R. hederaceus, R. hispidus, R. hydrocharoides, R. hyperboreus, R. hystriculus, R. inamoenus, R. jovis, R. kamtschaticus, R. lapponicus, R. laxicaulis, R. lobbii, R. macauleyi, R. macounii, R. macranthus, R. marginatus, R. micranthus, R. muricatus, R. nivalis, R. occidentalis, R. oresterus, R. orthorhynchus, R. pacificus, R. pallasii, R. parviflorus, R. pedatifidus, R. pensylvanicus, R. platensis, R. populago, R. pusillus, R. pygmaeus, R. ranunculinus, R. recurvatus, R. repens, R. rhomboideus, R. sabinei, R. sardous, R. sceleratus, R. sulphureus, R. testiculatus, R. trilobus, R. triternatus, R. turneri, R. uncinatus
Synonyms R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) Britton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 224. (1895)
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