Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus allegheniensis |
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ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
Allegheny crowfoot, Allegheny Mountain buttercup |
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Roots | slender, 0.2-0.8 mm thick. |
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Stems | erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
erect or nearly erect, 10-50 cm, glabrous, each with 9-40 flowers. |
Basal leaves | simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
persistent, blades reniform, outer undivided, inner 3-lobed to 3-foliolate, 1-3.5 × 1.5-4.5 cm, base truncate or cordate, margins crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
Flowers | receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
pedicels pubescent or glabrous; receptacle sparsely pilose; sepals 2-3 × 1-2 mm, abaxially sparsely hispid, hairs colorless; petals 5, 1-2 × 0.5-1 mm; nectary scale glabrous. |
Heads of achenes | hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
globose to ovoid, 3-7 × 3-5 mm; achenes 1.5-2 × 1.4-1.8 mm, glabrous; beak slender, strongly curved, 0.6-1 mm. |
Tuberous | roots present. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Ranunculus ficaria |
Ranunculus allegheniensis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul). |
Habitat | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas | Woods and pastures |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-1100 m (0-3600 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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CT; KY; MA; MD; NC; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WV
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Discussion | In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) | Britton: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 224. (1895) |
Web links |
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