Ranunculus fascicularis |
Ranunculus hydrocharoides |
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early buttercup, early crowfoot, prairie buttercup, tuft buttercup |
frog's-bit buttercup, frogbit buttercup |
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Roots | always both filiform and tuberous on same stem. |
not thickened basally, glabrous. |
Stems | erect or ascending, never rooting nodally, strigose or spreading-strigose, base not bulbous. |
erect to prostrate, usually rooting nodally, glabrous or strigose. |
Basal leaf blades | ovate to broadly ovate in outline, 3-5-foliolate, 2.1-4.7 × 1.9-4.5 cm, leaflets undivided or 1x-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments oblanceolate or obovate, margins entire or with few teeth, apex rounded-acute to rounded-obtuse. |
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Proximal cauline leaf blades | ovate to broadly ovate, 0.8-2.7 × 0.8-1.9 cm, base rounded to weakly cordate, margins entire or dentate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
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Inflorescences | bracts lanceolate to oblanceolate or sometimes ovate. |
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Flowers | receptacle hispid or glabrous; sepals spreading or sometimes reflexed from base, 5-7 × 2-3 mm, hispid or glabrous; petals 5(-7), yellow, 8-14 × 3-6 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals 5, spreading or reflexed from base, 1.5-3 × 1-2 mm, glabrous; petals 5-6, 3-5 × 1-2 mm; nectary scales glabrous. |
Heads of achenes | globose or ovoid, 5-9 × 5-8 mm; achenes 2-2.8 × 1.8-2.2 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, filiform, straight, 1.2-2.8 mm. |
hemispheric or globose, 2-4 × 3-4 mm; achenes 1.2-1.4 × 1-1.2 mm, glabrous; beak lanceolate to lance-filiform, straight or curved, 0.4-1 mm. |
2n | = 32. |
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Ranunculus fascicularis |
Ranunculus hydrocharoides |
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Phenology | Flowering winter–spring (Jan–Jun). | Flowering late spring–summer (Jun–Aug). |
Habitat | Grassland or deciduous forest | Wet soil or shallow water, in marshes and edges of streams and lakes |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 2000-2900 m (6600-9500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; MB; ON
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AZ; CA; NM; Mexico; Central America (in Guatemala)
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Discussion | Ranunculus fascicularis is very similar to R. hispidus var. hispidus, and herbarium specimens without underground parts may be difficult to identify. Ranunculus fascicularis grows in drier habitats; segments of its leaves are commonly oblanceolate and blunt, with few or no marginal teeth; and its petals are widest at or below the middle. Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus is usually larger in all its parts (leaves, flowers, heads of achenes); leaf segments are variable in shape but their apices are normally sharper and their marginal teeth more numerous, and petals are widest above the middle. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Ranunculus | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Flammula |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. fascicularis var. apricus | R. hydrocharoides var. stolonifer |
Name authority | Muhlenberg ex J. M. Bigelow: Fl. Boston., 137. (1814) | A. Gray: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 5: 306. (1855) |
Web links |