Ranunculus bulbosus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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bulbous buttercup, bulbous crowfoot, renoncule bulbeuse, St. Anthony's-turnip |
ficaire, fig buttercup, lesser celandine, pilewort, renoncule ficaire |
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Roots | never tuberous. |
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Stems | erect, never rooting nodally, strigose or hirsute, base bulbous and cormlike. |
erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. |
Basal leaves | blades ovate to cordate in outline, 3-foliolate, rarely merely deeply divided, 2–5.3 × 2.4–5.4 cm, leaflets 1–2x-lobed, ultimate segments oblong to obovate, margins toothed, apex rounded in outline. |
simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. |
Flowers | receptacle pubescent; sepals reflexed 2–3 mm above base, 6–9 × 2–4 mm, pilose; petals 5, yellow, 9–13 × 8–11 mm. |
receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. |
Heads of achenes | ovoid, 6–9 × 5–7 mm; achenes 2.2–3.2 × 2.2–2.8 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1–0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, lanceolate to deltate, 0.2–0.8 mm, slender tip hooked when present. |
hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent. |
Tuberous | roots present. |
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Ranunculus bulbosus |
Ranunculus ficaria |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Meadows | Shaded stream banks and moist disturbed areas |
Elevation | 0–700 m (0–2300 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WA; WV; BC; NF; NS; ON; QC; South America; native to Eurasia; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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CT; DC; IL; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; VA; WA; WV; BC; NF; ON; QC; native to Europe [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Ranunculus bulbosus is native to Europe and the Near East but has become naturalized in many other parts of the world. It is considered an introduced weed in the flora. The Iroquois used Ranunculus bulbosus as a toothache remede and as a a treatment for venereal disease (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In North America, Ranunculus ficaria seems to be expanding its range rapidly in areas with cool mesic climates. The species is extremely variable (especially in leaf size and stem posture), and many attempts have been made to divide it into varieties or subspecies (see P. D. Sell 1994). The different forms, however, intergrade extensively and the varieties are often impossible to distinguish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ranunculus > sect. Ranunculus | Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus > subg. Ficaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | R. bulbosus var. dissectus, R. bulbosus var. valdepubens | R. ficaria subsp. bulbifer, R. ficaria subsp. calthifolius, R. ficaria var. bulbifera |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 554. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 550. (1753) |
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