Ranunculus auricomus
Ranunculus fasciculatus
Greenland buttercup
filiform, 0.2-0.6 mm thick.
fleshy and somewhat tuberous.
erect or ascending, 12-30 cm, glabrous, each with 1-4 flowers.
erect or decumbent, not rooting nodally, hirsute to nearly glabrous, base not bulbous.
persistent, blades reniform, 3-parted, 1.2-2.8 × 1.6-4.6 cm, segments again lobed or parted, base cordate, margins toothed, apices of segments rounded in outline.
ovate to deltate in outline, 3(-5)-foliolate, 2.5-14.9 × 2.3-19.9 cm, leaflets 1-2x-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments narrowly oblong to elliptic or lanceolate, margins toothed, apex narrowly acute to rounded-acute.
pedicels appressed-pubescent;
receptacle finely canescent;
sepals 4-7 × 2.5-4 mm, abaxially sparsely pilose, hairs colorless;
petals 5, 6-10(-15) × 5-9 mm;
nectary scale glabrous.
receptacle hispid;
sepals reflexed 1-2 mm above base, 5-10 × 3-5 mm, hispid;
petals 11-16, yellow, 8-21 × 2-5 mm.
globose to short-ovoid, 5-8 × 5-6 mm;
achenes 2-2.2 × 1.8-2 mm, glabrous or sparsely and finely canescent distally;
beak lanceolate, weakly to strongly curved, 1.2-2 mm.
globose to ovoid, 6-13 × 7-9 mm;
achenes 2.4-3.4 × 2-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming rib or narrow wing 0.1-0.4 mm wide;
beak filiform from deltate base, straight, 1.8-2.5 mm, filiform tip often deciduous, leaving 1-1.2 mm deltate beak.
= 16.
Ranunculus auricomus
Ranunculus fasciculatus
Ranunculus auricomus is predominantly apomictic, with irregular meiosis. Different European races may show a variety of characteristics not found in Greenland material (pilose stems, undivided, crenate-dentate leaves, densely canescent achenes, and glabrous receptacles). T. W. Böcher et al. (1968) recognized three distinct races from Greenland, distinguished by minor differences in stature and branching of the plants, width of cauline leaf segments, and indument of achenes. Those races, which were evidently based on very few collections, were named as subspecies by L. Fagerström and G. Kvist (1983). More ample material collected during the 1980s does not support the Fagerström and Kvist classification. Except for stature and branching, which both depend on the general vigor of the plants, these characteristics are poorly correlated with one another and with geographic place of collection. Cauline leaf segments sometimes vary in width within a single collection, and achenes of the Ymer Island collection that they referred to R. auricomus subsp. glabratus are sparsely canescent, not glabrous as stated. These observations, together with the uniformity of indument, leaf shape, and receptacle and achene morphology in the Greenland populations, suggest that they are best considered a single race within the variable apomictic complex comprising R. auricomus in the broad sense.
T. G. Tutin and J. R. Akeroyd (1993) treated Ranunculus auricomus var. glabratus as a synonym of R. affinis (= R. pedatifidus var. affinis; see above). The characteristics in that key and description (leaves palmately 3-5-lobed, achenes in globose heads) do not match American material of R. pedatifidus var. affinis.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
I am following G. L. Nesom (1993) in treating Ranunculus fasciculatus as a distinct species. This taxon was considered a variety of R. macranthus by L. D. Benson (1948) and a variety of R. petiolaris by T. Duncan (1980). These disparate opinions result from different interpretations of Mexican members of the R. petiolaris group.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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