Quercus shumardii |
Quercus graciliformis |
|
---|---|---|
schneck oak, Shumard oak, Shumard red oak, Shumard's oak, swamp red oak |
Chisos oak |
|
Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 35 m. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, shallowly fissured with scaly or light-colored flat ridges, inner bark pinkish. | Trees, tardily deciduous, to 8 m. Bark gray, furrowed. |
Twigs | gray to light brown, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., glabrous. |
straw colored to brown or deep reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrate or somewhat pubescent at apex. |
Leaves | blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 100-200 × 60-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, occasionally acute, margins with 5-9 lobes and 15-50 awns, lobes oblong or distally expanded, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for prominent axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, widest proximal to middle, 45-90 × 10-25 mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire or with 8-10 teeth or shallow lobes with rounded sinuses, awns 1-9, apex acute to long-attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or occasionally with small axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glabrous except for scattered pubescence near base and along midrib. |
Acorns | biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 7-12 mm high × 15-30 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface glabrous or puberulent, inner surface light-brown to red-brown, glabrous or with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often with pale margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ovoid to oblong, occasionally subglobose, 14-30 × 10-20 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 6.5-12 mm. |
biennial; cup saucer- to shallowly bowl-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 7-10 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent to glabrate, inner surface uniformly pubescent, scales appressed, acute, occasionally tuberculate at base; nut ovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 9-18 × 7-10 mm, minutely puberulent, scar diam. 3-4.5 mm. |
Terminal | buds gray to grayish brown, ovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 4-8 mm, often noticeably 5-angled in cross section, glabrous. |
buds glossy brown or red-brown, ovoid, 1.5-3 mm, minutely ciliate. |
Quercus shumardii |
Quercus graciliformis |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Mesic slopes and bottoms, stream banks and poorly drained uplands | Dry rocky canyons of the Chisos Mountains |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-1650 m (0-5400 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON
|
TX |
Discussion | Trees with shallow cups covering ca. one-fourth of the nut are treated as Quercus shumardii var. shumardii; those with more deeply rounded cups covering ca. one-third of the nut are treated as Q. shumardii var. schneckii (Britton) Sargent. Quercus shumardii var. stenocarpa Laughlin was described from several trees in Missouri and Illinois having ellipsoid acorns that were covered less than one-third their length by very small (5.5-7 mm high × 12.5-18 mm wide), shallow cups (K. Laughlin 1969). Quercus shumardii reportedly hybridizes with Q. buckleyi, Q. falcata (= Q. ×joori Trelease), Q. hemisphaerica, Q. imbricaria (= Q. ×egglestoni Trelease), Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. marilandica, Q. nigra, Q. palustris (= Q. ×mutabilis E. J. Palmer & Steyermark), Q. phellos (= Q. ×moultonensis Ashe), Q. rubra, and Q. velutina (= Q. × discreta Laughlin). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Quercus graciliformis reportedly hybridizes with Q. emoryi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. schneckii | Q. canbyi, Q. graciliformis var. parvilobata |
Name authority | Buckley: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 444. (1860) | C. H. Muller: Torreya 34: 120. (1934) |
Web links |