Quercus pumila |
Quercus marilandica |
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runner oak, running oak |
blackjack oak |
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Habit | Shrubs, deciduous or tardily deciduous, to 1 m. Bark gray to dark brown. | Trees, deciduous, to 15 m. Bark almost black, with irregular or rectangular blocks, inner bark orangish. |
Twigs | gray-brown to reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. |
ashy brown, (1-)2-4(-5) mm diam., pubescent to tomentose. |
Leaves | blade oblong to narrowly obovate, 25-100 × 10-33 mm, base acute to rounded, margins entire, revolute, with 1 apical awn, apex acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially uniformly gray-brown pubescent, rarely glabrate, adaxially somewhat convex, rugose, glabrous or with scattered hairs along midrib. |
blade obovate to obtrullate, (50-)70-200 × (40-)70-200 mm, base rounded or cordate, blade not decurrent, margins with 3-5 shallow, often very broad lobes and 3-10 awns, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded; surfaces abaxially scurfy or with scattered pubescence, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
Acorns | annual; cup deeply saucer-shaped to turbinate, 5-12 mm high × 10-15 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2(-2/3) nut, outer surface pubescent, inner surface densely pubescent, scales rarely involute, often tuberculate, tips tightly appressed, acute; nut globose to ovoid or broadly oblong, 9.5-15 × 9-12 mm, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. |
biennial; cup turbinate, 6-10 mm high × 13-18 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute or acuminate; nut broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-20 × 10-18 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. |
Terminal | buds brown to red-brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous or with ciliate scale margins. |
buds conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, tawny pubescent. |
[r. | ||
c | . |
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Friesner | 1930. J. W. |
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Duffield | (1940) suggested that Friesner was counting bivalents; if so, then 2n = 24, consistent with all other reports for Quercus.] |
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2n | = 12. |
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Quercus pumila |
Quercus marilandica |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Dry sandy soils of savannahs, low ridges and oak-pine scrub, occasionally at margins of poorly drained sites | Poor shallow soils of glades, barrens and flatwoods, disturbed fields, rocky outcrops, and dry ridges |
Elevation | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | Although no hybrid combinations have been formally proposed, D. M. Hunt (1989) has reported evidence of hybridization with Quercus hemisphaerica, Q. incana, Q. myrtifolia, and Q. phellos. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Evidence suggests that small trees from the western portion of the range (primarily Texas and Oklahoma) should be recognized as Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. ashei Sudworth (D. M. Hunt 1989). These trees are characterized by 50-70 × 40-60 mm leaf blades with abaxial surfaces gray-tomentose in vein axils. Quercus marilandica reportedly hybridizes with Q. buckleyi and Q. falcata (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with Q. georgiana, Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×brittoni W. T. Davis), Q. imbricaria [= Q. ×tridentata (A. de Candolle) Engelmann], Q. incana, Q. nigra, Q. phellos (Q. ×rudkini Britton), and Q. velutina (= Q. ×bushii Sargent). D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. arkansana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. myrtifolia, Q. palustris, and Q. rubra. The Choctaw used Quercus marilandica to ease cramps and to aid in childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Walter: Fl. Carol., 234. (1788) | Münchhausen: Hausvater 5(1): 253. (1770) |
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