Quercus pacifica |
Quercus hypoleucoides |
|
---|---|---|
Channel Island scrub oak, island scrub oak, Pacific oak |
silverleaf oak |
|
Habit | Shrubs, rarely small trees, subevergreen, shrubs to 2 m, trees to 5 m or taller. | Trees or shrubs, evergreen, to 10 m. Bark black, deeply furrowed. |
Bark | scaly on older branches and trunk. |
|
Twigs | brownish or reddish, minutely puberulent, becoming glabrate and gray with age. |
dark reddish brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent. |
Buds | light or chestnut brown, ovate or globose, 2-3 × 1-2 mm. |
|
Leaves | blade obovate or oblong, planar to moderately convex or undulate, 15-40 × 7-20(-40) mm, base cuneate or rounded, attenuate-decurrent along petiole, margins minutely cartilaginous, entire or with 1-5 irregular teeth on each side, secondary veins obscure, 1-5 on each side, apex blunt or rounded, occasionally subacute with mucronate tip; surfaces abaxially waxy, glandular, with scattered minute, flat, appressed, ± 8-rayed stellate hairs, not obscuring surface, adaxially green, glossy, glabrate or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. |
blade narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, 45-120 × 15-40 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire or spinose with up to 11 awns, apex acute to attenuate; surfaces abaxially densely tawny- or white-tomentose, adaxially noticeably rugose, glabrous. |
Acorns | paired or solitary in leaf axil, subsessile, rarely pedunculate in teratological forms; cup hemispheric to turbinate, to 15 mm deep × 20 mm wide, enclosing only 1/4-1/2 nut, scales moderately to heavily tuberculate, irregularly formed; nut light brown, acute-cylindric or fusiform, tapered, (15-)20-30 × (6-)9-15 m, apex acute, glabrate. |
annual or biennial; cup deeply saucer- or cup-shaped, 4.5-7 mm high × 6-13 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut or less, outer surface pubescent to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent to floccose, scales appressed, blunt; nut ellipsoid to oblong, 8-16 × 5-10 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 2.5-5.5 mm. |
Cotyledons | distinct. |
|
Terminal | buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous except for ciliate scale margins, occasionally with tuft of hairs at apex. |
|
Quercus pacifica |
Quercus hypoleucoides |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Chaparral, oak woodlands, margins of grasslands, understory in closed-cone pine stands | Common in moist canyons and on ridges |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 1500-2700 m (4900-8900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA
|
AZ; NM; TX; n Mexico
|
Discussion | Of conservation concern. Quercus pacifica is endemic on three of the California Channel Islands: Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and Santa Rosa. It is not known from the mainland, but it bears a superficial similarity to some of the tree forms that are putative hybrids between Q. engelmannii and Q. cornelius-mulleri in San Diego County. The latter populations, sometimes treated as Q. ×acutidens, differ in having much greater variability in leaf shape; thicker, more leathery leaves; denser abaxial leaf vestiture; much smaller hairs, having more than 10 rays; and variable levels of connation of cotyledons (always distinct in Q. pacifica). Quercus pacifica appears to be most closely related to Q. douglasii, whether by direct descent or by introgression with another species no longer extant on the islands. Quercus ×macdonaldii Greene (as a species) [= Quercus dumosa var. macdonaldii (Greene) Jepson] is a stabilized hybrid complex between Quercus pacifica and Q. lobata Née. The plants tend to be small to moderate trees with leaves that resemble those of Q. lobata; the leaves are much more shallowly lobed and always less than two-thirds the distance from the margin to the midrib. Quercus ×macdonaldii is known from Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina islands. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Quercus hypoleucoides reportedly hybridizes with Q. gravesii (Q. ×inconstans E. J. Palmer [= Q. livermorensis C. H. Muller]) (see C. H. Muller 1951). Several specimens from Pima County, Arizona, fall outside the range of typical Q. hypoleucoides, suggesting hybridization with the Mexican Q. mcvaughii Spellenberg (R. Spellenberg 1992). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. dumosa var. polycarpa | Q. hypoleuca |
Name authority | Nixon & C. H. Muller: Novon 4: 391. (1994) | A. Camus: Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 4: 124. (1932) |
Web links |