Quercus georgiana |
Quercus geminata |
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Georgia oak, stone mountain oak |
sand live oak |
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Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 15 m. Bark gray to light brown, scaly. | Trees, sometimes shrubs, subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs sometimes rhizomatous (if spreading rhizomatously, without numerous straight, short, erect stems emerging from gound, or if so, mixed with other larger branches, infertile, and without dimorphic or asymmetric leaf form). |
Bark | dark brown or black, scaly. |
|
Twigs | deep red, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. |
yellowish, becoming light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, glabrate in 2d year. |
Buds | reddish or dark brown, globose or ovoid, 1-2.5(-3) mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. |
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Leaves | blade broadly ovate to elliptic or obovate, 40-130 × 20-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-5(-7) oblong lobes and up to 10 awns, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. |
blade narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, rarely orbiculate, convex-cupped, (10-)35-60(-120) × (7-)10-30(-45) mm, base narrowly cuneate, rarely truncate or rounded, margins strongly revolute, entire, secondary veins 8-10(-12) on each side, apex acute, sometimes obtuse; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs (visible under magnification), and with additional scattered, erect, felty or spreading hairs (sometimes deciduous), or light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs, secondary veins moderately to deeply impressed. |
Acorns | biennial; cup thin, saucer-shaped, 4-6 mm high × 9-14 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface glabrous or with a few hairs around scar, scale tips appressed, acute; nut globose or ovoid, 9-14 × 9-14 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 4-7.5 mm. |
1-3, on peduncle 10-100 mm; cup hemispheric or deeply goblet-shaped, sometimes saucer-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 5-15 mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, ovoid, barrel-shaped, or acute, (13-)15-20(-25) × (8-)9-12(-15) mm, glabrous. |
Cotyledons | connate. |
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Terminal | buds red-brown, ovoid to subconic, 2.5-5 mm, glabrous or scales somewhat ciliate. |
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Quercus georgiana |
Quercus geminata |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Granitic outcrops and dry slopes and knolls | Coastal plain, open evergreen woodlands and scrublands on deep sandy soils, often with pines |
Elevation | 50-500 m (200-1600 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; GA; SC
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Quercus georgiana reportedly hybridizes with Q. marilandica (= Q. ×smallii Trelease) and Q. nigra, although D. M. Hunt (1989) has questioned the validity of the former report. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Quercus geminata occurs in Cuba as putative hybrids. Although some recent authors prefer to treat Quercus geminata as a variety of Q. virginiana, the two species are easily separable and rarely intergrade through most of the broad range in which they are sympatric. Apparently this is primarily because of habitat separation, but additionally Q. geminata flowers much later than Q. virginiana in any given geographic area. At the northern extreme of the range of Q. geminata, apparent intermediates with Q. virginiana are more common, possibly because flowering times of the two species overlap to a greater extent because of slower warming in the spring. Scattered intermediates also occur where the two species are sympatric on sands in coastal Mississippi. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. virginiana var. geminata | |
Name authority | M. A. Curtis: Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 7: 406. (1849) | Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 438. (1897) |
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