Quercus falcata |
Quercus sadleriana |
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chêne rouge, southern red oak, Spanish oak |
deer oak, sadler oak |
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Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark brown to black, narrowly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orange. | Shrubs, evergreen, to 1-3 m, rhizomatous. |
Bark | gray, smooth. |
|
Twigs | reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3.5(-4.5) mm diam., pubescent. |
reddish or brown, pruinose, 3-4 mm diam., glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent around buds. |
Buds | yellowish or tan, broadly ovoid or globose, 8-10 mm; scales loose, acute-ovate, silky. |
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Leaves | blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 100-300 × 60-160 mm, base rounded or U-shaped, margins with 3-7 deep lobes and 6-20 awns, terminal lobe often long-acuminate, much longer than lateral lobes, apex acute; surfaces abaxially sparsely to uniformly tawny-pubescent, adaxially glossy and glabrous or puberulent along midrib, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
blade obovate or elliptic, 70-140 × 35-80 mm, base rounded or rounded-acuminate, rarely subcordate, margins serrate, not deeply lobed, teeth antrorse-acuminate, sharply mucronate, secondary veins prominent, parallel, straight, (8-)10-15 on each side, apex acuminate or acute; surfaces abaxially light green, waxy, with sparse or scattered, minute, asymmetric, appressed, 4-8-rayed stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm diam., and prominent raised stomates giving surface minute granular appearance, adaxially dark green, glabrous. |
Acorns | biennial; cup saucer-shaped to cup-shaped, 3-7 mm high × 9-18 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut subglobose, 9-16 × 8-15 mm, often striate, puberulent, scar diam. 5-10 mm. |
solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 7-9 mm deep × 10-18 mm wide, scales gray, moderately tuberculate, tips reddish brown; nut light brown, ovoid or subglobose, 15-20 × 10-15 mm. |
Cotyledons | distinct. |
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Terminal | buds light reddish brown, ovoid, 4-8 mm, puberulent throughout. |
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Quercus falcata |
Quercus sadleriana |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Dry or sandy upland sites | Open slopes in coniferous forest |
Elevation | 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) | 600-2200 m (2000-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Native Americans used Quercus falcata in various ways to treat indigestion, chronic dysentery, sores, chapped skin, chills and fevers, lost voice, asthma, milky urine, and as an antiseptic, a tonic, and an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986). Quercus falcata reportedly hybridizes with Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×caesariensis Moldenke), Q. imbricaria, Q. incana, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia (= Q. ×beaumontiana Sargent), and Q. marilandica (E. J. Palmer 1948); with Q. nigra, and Q. pagoda (S. A. Ware 1967; R. J. Jensen 1989); and with Q. phellos, Q. shumardii, Q. hemisphaerica, and Q. velutina. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Quercus sadleriana is one of the most distinctive western oaks, with strong similarities to certain eastern North American and Asian species of Quercus with "chestnut" leaves. Its restricted distribution in the Siskiyou region and uncertain relationships suggest it is a relictual species. It hybridizes occasionally with Q. garryana var. breweri (see treatment). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. digitata, Q. falcata var. triloba | |
Name authority | Michaux: Hist. Chênes Amér., no. 16, plate 28. (1801) | R. Brown ter: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 7: 249. (1871) |
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