Quercus engelmannii |
Quercus chapmanii |
|
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Engelmann oak, Engelmann's oak |
Chapman oak, Chapman's oak |
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Habit | Trees, subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark gray or whitish, closely furrowed. | Shrubs, deciduous or subevergreen, 0.5-3(-6) m, often rhizomatous. |
Bark | brown, scaly. |
|
Twigs | light brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., densely or sparsely stellate-tomentose, soon glabrate. |
yellowish, 1-2 mm diam., densely fine-tomentulose. |
Buds | reddish brown, subspheric to broadly ovoid, 1-2 mm, glabrous or basal scales pubescent; stipules persistent about terminal buds. |
reddish brown, globose, 1-2(-3) mm, proximal scales densely tomentulose, distal scales glabrous. |
Leaves | blade oblong to elliptic, occasionally lanceolate or ovate, (20-)30-60(-80) × (5-)10-20(-25) mm, base cuneate to cordate, margins entire, undulate, sometimes irregularly toothed, especially toward apex, secondary veins 7-8(-10) on each side, branched, apex acute or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially blue-green or pale green, densely and loosely glandular-tomentose, quickly glabrate or persistently floccose, especially about base of midrib, at maturity strongly glaucous, adaxially gray-green or pale green, bluish green or glaucous. |
blade obovate or oblanceolate, 30-70(-85) × 14-30(-45) mm, base cuneate or attenuate, margins minutely revolute, entire or sinuately lobed, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed distally or with 3-5 rounded, irregular lobes in distal 1/2, secondary veins curved, 8-9 on each side, apex ovate or triangular-lobed, often retuse; surfaces abaxially grayish or yellowish, with yellowish, erect branched hairs, these soon shed, leaving matted glandular and waxy hairs except on ± glabrate yellowish veins, adaxially bright glossy, very reflective, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. |
Acorns | solitary or paired, subsessile or on peduncle to 5-6 mm; cup cup-shaped or shallowly cup-shaped, 8-10 mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing 1/3 nut, scales 1.5-3 mm wide, strongly and regularly tuberculate near base of cup, gray-pubescent; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 15-25 × 12-14 mm, glabrate or puberulent about apex. |
1-2, on peduncle 1-6(-35) mm; cup hemispheric, 5-11 m deep × 10-15 mm wide, including 1/3-1/2 nut, scales closely appressed, gray, tomentulose; nut light brown, ovoid to barrel-shaped, 15-20 × 9-13 mm, apex rounded, glabrous or puberulent. |
Cotyledons | connate. |
distinct. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Quercus engelmannii |
Quercus chapmanii |
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Phenology | Flowering in spring. | Flowering late winter–early spring. |
Habitat | Oak woodlands, margins of chaparral, arroyos, slopes and bajadas | Open pine forests, scrublands, xerophytic scrub oak, on sand near coast |
Elevation | 50-1200 m (200-3900 ft) | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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FL; GA; SC
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Discussion | Quercus engelmannii is closely related to and possibly conspecific with Q. oblongifolia. The cups of Q. engelmannii are larger, deeper, and generally more tuberculate than those of Q. oblongifolia, and the scales are usually larger. Based on available samples, the nuts of Q. engelmannii are consistently larger than those of Q. oblongifolia, apparently with little, if any, overlap in diameter. Considerably more variation occurs within Q. engelmannii in leaf form, possibly reflecting introgression from other white oak species such as Q. cornelius-mulleri, Q. dumosa, and Q. durata (see treatment). On Catalina Island, Quercus engelmannii is known only from a small grove of trees. Putative hybrids between Q. engelmannii and Q. cornelius-mulleri are common in areas of contact between the two species in Riverside and San Diego counties in southern California. Such a population was the basis for Q. acutidens Torrey [Q. dumosa var. acutidens (Torrey) Wenzig]. Other names applied to those populations are Q. macdonaldii var. elegantula Greene and Q. dumosa var. elegantula (Greene) Jepson. Variable in leaf form and stature, those intermediates form extensive populations and are probably best disposed of under the name Q. ×acutidens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Greene: Ill. W. Amer. Oaks 1: 33, plate 17. (1889) | Sargent: Gard. & Forest 8: 93. (1895) |
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