Quercus ellipsoidalis |
Quercus sinuata |
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Hill's oak, Jack oak, northern pin oak |
bastard oak, bastard white oak, Durand oak, Durand white oak |
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Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 20 m; lower trunk often with stubs of dead branches. | Trees or shrubs, deciduous, to 15(-20) m, with solitary or multiple trunks. | ||||
Bark | dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. |
gray to light brown, flaky to papery and exfoliating. |
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Twigs | dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. |
light gray or gray, 1-2(-3) mm diam., glabrous, rarely minutely puberulent. |
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Buds | brown or reddish brown, broadly ovoid, 2-3 mm, essentially glabrous. |
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Leaves | blade elliptic, 70-130 × 50-100 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-7 deep lobes and 15-55 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
blade oblong to oblanceolate, or narrowly rhomboid, or cuneiform, or rounded-3-dentate, (25-)30-120(-140) × (15-)25-60 mm, base acute, cuneate, attenuate-rounded, or obtuse, margins entire to irregularly toothed or moderately, sinuately lobed, flat, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, apex broadly rounded, rarely attenuately narrowed or obscurely 3-lobed; surfaces abaxially silvery or dull green, with scattered to crowded, minute, appressed-stellate, 8-10-rayed hairs, or glabrate or glabrous, especially in shade forms, adaxially green or dull green, glabrous. |
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Acorns | biennial; cup narrowly turbinate to deeply cup-shaped, 6-11 mm high × 10-19 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface reddish brown, puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, rarely with ring of pubescence around scar, scales with straight or slightly concave margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ellipsoid to ovoid, rarely subglobose, 10-20 × 9-15 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or more faint rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 4-8 mm. |
solitary or paired, subsessile or on axillary peduncle to 1-7 mm; cup saucer-shaped to shallowly cup-shaped, rarely deeper, 2-8 mm deep × 8-15(-20) mm wide, enclosing 1/8-1/4 nut, rarely more, base flat, rounded, or constricted, margin thin, scales closely appressed, grayish with reddish margins, ovate, flat, obtuse, not tuberculate; nut light brown, depressed-ovoid to oblong, 7-15 × 7-12(-17) mm, glabrous. |
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Cotyledons | distinct. |
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Terminal | buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, often conspicuously 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent toward apex. |
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Quercus ellipsoidalis |
Quercus sinuata |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | |||||
Habitat | Dry sandy sites, rarely on moderately mesic slopes or uplands | |||||
Elevation | 150-500 m (500-1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
IA; IL; IN; MI; MN; OH; WI; ON
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AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; OK; SC; TX
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Discussion | In many treatments (e.g., E. G. Voss 1972+, vol. 2), Quercus ellipsoidalis is included in Q. coccinea. Variation in fruit morphology has led to recognition of several formae (W. Trelease 1919; see also R. J. Jensen 1986) and one variety (Q. ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis, based on specimens from St. Paul, Minnesota, in which the cup tightly encloses the nut for two-thirds its length at maturity). Quercus ellipsoidalis reportedly hybridizes with Q. rubra and Q. velutina. The Menominee used Quercus ellipsoidalis medicinally to treat suppressed menses caused by cold (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). The question of the correct name for this species has persisted, with some authors rejecting the usage here in favor of Quercus durandii. Although no type material is extant, the original description of Q. sinuata is consistent with the concept presented here, as by W. W. Ashe (1916) and W. Trelease (1924), and inconsistent with any other oak from the broad area covered by Thomas Walter's Flora Caroliniana (1788). The two varieties differ in habit, habitat, leaf size and lobing, and geographic range, and considerable variability exists within both varities as to the degree and density of silvery stellate-pubescence on the abaxial surface of the leaf. Sun leaves of both tend to have a higher proportion of silvery pubescence, and shade leaves and some individual trees tend to have more glabrate leaves, although evidence of flat-stellate trichomes is usually apparent. Plants with young, expanding leaves sometimes are mistaken for Quercus nigra, a member of the red oak group. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Q. ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis | Q. durandii | ||||
Name authority | E. J. Hill: Bot. Gaz. 27: 204, plates 2, 3. (1899) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 235. (1788) | ||||
Web links |