Quercus ellipsoidalis |
Quercus agrifolia |
|
---|---|---|
Hill's oak, Jack oak, northern pin oak |
California live oak, coast live oak, encina |
|
Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 20 m; lower trunk often with stubs of dead branches. | Trees, evergreen, to 25 m. Bark gray to dark brown or black, ridges broad, rounded. |
Bark | dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. |
|
Twigs | dark reddish brown, (1-)1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. |
brown to red-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., with scattered pubescence or uniformly pubescent. |
Leaves | blade elliptic, 70-130 × 50-100 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-7 deep lobes and 15-55 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
blade broadly elliptic to ovate or oblong, 15-75 × 10-40 mm, base rounded or cordate, margins entire or spinose, with up to 24 awns, apex blunt to attenuate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or with small axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially distinctly convex, rugose, glabrous, occasionally densely uniformly pubescent. |
Acorns | biennial; cup narrowly turbinate to deeply cup-shaped, 6-11 mm high × 10-19 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface reddish brown, puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, rarely with ring of pubescence around scar, scales with straight or slightly concave margins, tips tightly appressed, obtuse or acute; nut ellipsoid to ovoid, rarely subglobose, 10-20 × 9-15 mm, occasionally striate, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or more faint rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 4-8 mm. |
annual; cup turbinate to cup- or bowl-shaped, rarely saucer-shaped, 9-13 mm high × 9-15 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3(-1/2) nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface pubescent on innermost 1/3 to uniformly pubescent, scales acute, tips loose; nut ovoid to oblong or conic, 15-35 × 10-15 mm, glabrous, scar diam. 3.5-8 mm. |
Terminal | buds dark reddish brown, ovoid, 3-5 mm, often conspicuously 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent toward apex. |
buds light chestnut brown, ovoid, occasionally subconic, 3-6(-7) mm, glabrous except for cilia along scale margins. |
2n | = 24. |
|
Quercus ellipsoidalis |
Quercus agrifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering early to mid spring. |
Habitat | Dry sandy sites, rarely on moderately mesic slopes or uplands | Moderately dry sites |
Elevation | 150-500 m (500-1600 ft) | 0–1400 m (0–4600 ft) |
Distribution |
IA; IL; IN; MI; MN; OH; WI; ON
|
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | In many treatments (e.g., E. G. Voss 1972+, vol. 2), Quercus ellipsoidalis is included in Q. coccinea. Variation in fruit morphology has led to recognition of several formae (W. Trelease 1919; see also R. J. Jensen 1986) and one variety (Q. ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis, based on specimens from St. Paul, Minnesota, in which the cup tightly encloses the nut for two-thirds its length at maturity). Quercus ellipsoidalis reportedly hybridizes with Q. rubra and Q. velutina. The Menominee used Quercus ellipsoidalis medicinally to treat suppressed menses caused by cold (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Quercus agrifolia is found in the Coast Ranges from Sonoma County, California, south to Baja California. Plants with densely pubescent leaves, especially abaxially, have been treated as Q. agrifolia var. oxyadenia. This species reportedly hybridizes with Quercus kelloggii and Q. wislizenii. The Mahuna used Quercus agrifolia medicinally to heal the bleeding navel of a newborn (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis | Q. acroglandis, Q. agrifolia var. oxyadenia, Q. pricei |
Name authority | E. J. Hill: Bot. Gaz. 27: 204, plates 2, 3. (1899) | Nee.: Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 271. (1801) |
Web links |