Quercus coccinea |
Quercus sadleriana |
|
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scarlet oak |
deer oak, sadler oak |
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Habit | Trees, deciduous, to 30 m; lower trunk without stubs of dead branches. | Shrubs, evergreen, to 1-3 m, rhizomatous. |
Bark | dark gray to dark brown, irregularly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orangish pink. |
gray, smooth. |
Twigs | reddish brown, (1-)2-3.5 mm diam., glabrous. |
reddish or brown, pruinose, 3-4 mm diam., glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent around buds. |
Buds | yellowish or tan, broadly ovoid or globose, 8-10 mm; scales loose, acute-ovate, silky. |
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Leaves | blade elliptic to ovate or obovate, 70-160 × 80-130 mm, base obtuse to truncate, margins with 5-9 deep lobes and 18-50 awns, lobes distally expanded, sinuses usually extending more than 1/2 distance to midrib, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for minute axillary tufts of tomentum, adaxially glossy light green, glabrous, secondary veins raised on both surfaces. |
blade obovate or elliptic, 70-140 × 35-80 mm, base rounded or rounded-acuminate, rarely subcordate, margins serrate, not deeply lobed, teeth antrorse-acuminate, sharply mucronate, secondary veins prominent, parallel, straight, (8-)10-15 on each side, apex acuminate or acute; surfaces abaxially light green, waxy, with sparse or scattered, minute, asymmetric, appressed, 4-8-rayed stellate hairs 0.1-0.2 mm diam., and prominent raised stomates giving surface minute granular appearance, adaxially dark green, glabrous. |
Acorns | biennial; cup turbinate to hemispheric, 7-13 mm high × 16.5-31.5 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface light to dark reddish brown, glossy, glabrous to puberulent, inner surface light brown, glabrous, occasionally with ring of pubescence around scar, scales often tuberculate, base broad, glossy, margins strongly concave with tips tightly appressed, acute to attenuate; nut oblong to subglobose, 12-22 × 10-21 mm, glabrous, with 1 or more rings of fine pits at apex, scar diam. 6.5-13.5 mm. |
solitary or paired, subsessile; cup hemispheric or funnel-shaped, 7-9 mm deep × 10-18 mm wide, scales gray, moderately tuberculate, tips reddish brown; nut light brown, ovoid or subglobose, 15-20 × 10-15 mm. |
Cotyledons | distinct. |
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Terminal | buds dark reddish brown, conic to ovoid, 4-7 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross section, usually silvery- or tawny-pubescent distal to middle. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Quercus coccinea |
Quercus sadleriana |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Poor soils, well-drained uplands, dry slopes, and ridges, occasionally on poorly drained sites | Open slopes in coniferous forest |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 600-2200 m (2000-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Trees having acorns with broad, distinctly warty cups are sometimes classified as Quercus coccinea var. tuberculata Sargent. Quercus coccinea reportedly hybridizes with Q. imbricaria, Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×robbinsii Trelease), Q. laevis, and Q. palustris (E. J. Palmer 1948) and with Q. phellos, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina (= Q. ×fontana Laughlin). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Quercus sadleriana is one of the most distinctive western oaks, with strong similarities to certain eastern North American and Asian species of Quercus with "chestnut" leaves. Its restricted distribution in the Siskiyou region and uncertain relationships suggest it is a relictual species. It hybridizes occasionally with Q. garryana var. breweri (see treatment). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Lobatae | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Q. coccinea var. tuberculata | |
Name authority | Münchhausen: Hausvater 5(1): 254. (1770) | R. Brown ter: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, 7: 249. (1871) |
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