Quercus arizonica |
Quercus garryana |
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Arizona oak, Arizona white oak |
Garry oak, Oregon oak, Oregon white oak |
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Habit | Trees, evergreen or subevergreen, small to moderate-sized trees, rarely to 18 m. Bark scaly. | Trees or shrubs, deciduous, trees to 15(-20) m, with solitary trunks, shrubs to 0.1-3 m, multitrunked. | ||||||||
Bark | light gray or almost white, scaly. |
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Twigs | yellowish, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., persistently felty-tomentose, eventually dingy gray. |
brown, red, or yellowish, 2-4 mm diam., densely puberulent with spreading hairs or glabrate. |
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Buds | dull russet-brown, ovoid, distally subacute or rounded, 3 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. |
brown or yellowish, ovoid or fusiform and apex acute, 2-12 mm, glandular-puberulent or densely pubescent. |
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Leaves | blade elliptic or oblong to narrowly obovate or oblanceolate, planar or moderately convex, to (30-)40-80(-90) × 15-30 mm, thick and leathery, usually stiff, base cordate or rounded and weakly cordate, margins entire or coarsely toothed especially near apex, cartilaginously revolute, teeth mucronate-tipped, obscure or prominent, secondary veins ca. 7-11 on each side, branching, passing into teeth when present, apex acute to usually obtuse or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially dull, sparsely pubescent or subtomentose with curly branched hairs, reticulate from prominent, raised secondary veins, usually glaucous where exposed, adaxially dark or bluish green, moderately lustrous, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent, secondary veins slightly raised or prominent within depressions or impressed. |
blade obovate, elliptic or subrotund, moderately to deeply lobed, 25-120(-140) × 15-85 mm, base rounded-attenuate or cuneate, rarely subcordate, often unequal, margins with sinuses usually reaching more than 1/2 distance to midrib, lobes oblong or spatulate, obtuse, rounded or blunt, larger lobes usually with 2-3 sublobes or teeth, veins often ending in retuse teeth, secondary veins yellowish, 4-7 on each side, the more distal veins often branching within distal lobes, apex broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially light green or waxy yellowish, often felty to touch, densely to sparsely covered with semi-erect or erect, simple and (2-)4-8-rayed, fasciculate hairs 0.1-1 mm, secondary veins raised, adaxially bright or dark green, glossy or somewhat scurfy because of sparse stellate hairs. |
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Acorns | solitary or paired, subsessile, occasionally on peduncle to 15 mm; cup hemispheric or cup-shaped, 5-10(-15) mm deep × 10-15 mm wide, enclosing ca. 1/2 nut, base rounded, margin rather coarse, scales cream to brown, broadly ovate, evenly and strongly tuberculate, tomentose, tips closely appressed; nut light brown, ovoid or oblong, 8-12 mm, nearly glabrous. |
1-3, subsessile, rarely on peduncle to 10(-20) mm; cup saucer-shaped, cup-shaped, or hemispheric, 4-10 mm deep × 12-22 mm wide; scales yellowish or reddish brown, often long-acute near rim of cup, moderately or scarcely tuberculate, canescent or tomentulose; nut light brown, oblong to globose, (12-)25-30(-40) × (10-)14-20(-22) mm, apex blunt or rounded, glabrous or often persistently puberulent. |
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Cotyledons | connate. |
distinct. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Quercus arizonica |
Quercus garryana |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | |||||||||
Habitat | Oak and pinyon woodlands, margins of chaparral, arroyos | |||||||||
Elevation | 1300-2500(-3000) m (4300-8200(-9800) ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, and Sonora)
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Some of the specimens previously referred to Quercus endemica by C. H. Muller belong here instead. Putative hybrids between Quercus arizonica and Q. grisea (= Q. ×organensis Trelease) are problematic in local areas of contact from southeastern Arizona to western Texas. These intermediates tend to have narrower leaves than Q. arizonica, with moderately reticulate patterns of venation, and more densely hairy leaves. Quercus arizonica and Q. grisea are amply distinct elsewhere, including large areas in northern Mexico, and they appear to be more closely related to other species than to one another (e.g., Q. arizonica with Q. oblongifolia and Q. laeta Liebmann, and Q. grisea with Q. mohriana and Q. microphylla Née). Thus, Q. arizonica and Q. grisea are best treated as distinct species that hybridize, and not as conspecific populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). Quercus garryana (no varieties specified) was used medicinally by Native Americans to treat tuberculosis and as a drink and a rub for mothers before childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus | Fagaceae > Quercus > sect. Quercus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Q. sacame | Q. douglasii var. neaei, Q. garryana var. jacobi, Q. jacobi, Q. lobata var. breweri, Q. neaei | ||||||||
Name authority | Sargent: Gard. & Forest 8: 92. (1895) | Douglas ex Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 159. (1840) | ||||||||
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