Flora of North America species comparison

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Pyrus

Pyrus serrulata

pear, poirier

serrulate pear
Habit Trees, often pyramidal or oval in silhouette, (50–)80–300 dm. Plants 80–100 dm.
Stems

1–many, erect;

bark gray, reddish or orange-brown, smooth, older with gray or blackish rectangular plates; short shoots sometimes present;

thorns present or absent;

young branches glabrous or tomentose;

buds ovoid, narrowly ovoid, or triangular-ovoid, apex obtuse or acuminate, glabrous or sparsely to densely tomentose.

Branches

purplish brown or dark brown, brown-tomentose when young, glabrescent;

thorns not recorded.
Leaves

deciduous, cauline, simple;

stipules sometimes caducous, free, lanceolate, margins serrate or entire;

petiole present;

blade suborbiculate, ± ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, oblong, or obovate, (2–)5–9(–12) cm, firm or leathery, margins flat, serrate, crenate, serrulate, crenulate, or entire, venation pinnate, surfaces hairy or glabrous.

petiole 3.5–7.5 cm, brown-tomentose when young;

blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margins serrulate, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous or brown-tomentose when young.
Inflorescences

terminal on short branches, 4–9-flowered, racemes or simple corymbs, umbel-like, with short persistent axis, glabrous or tomentose;

bracts absent;

bracteoles absent.

Pedicels

present.

3–5 cm, pubescent when young.
Flowers

developing with or before leaves, perianth and androecium epigynous, 15–45 mm diam.;

hypanthium campanulate or cupular, 3–5 mm diam., interior usually pubescent, exterior hairy or glabrous;

sepals 5, reflexed, lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate to triangular or triangular-ovate;

petals 5, white or creamy, ovate or ovate-elliptic to obovate or obovate-elliptic, base short-clawed, apex rounded;

stamens 20, equal to or slightly shorter than petals;

carpels 2–5, mostly connate, fully adnate to hypanthium, glabrous, styles terminal, distinct (constricted basally by hypanthium), ± equal to stamens;

ovules 2.

20–30 mm diam.;

sepals triangular-ovate, 3 mm, apex acute or acuminate;

petals white, broadly ovate, 10–12 mm;

ovaries 3(–4)-locular;

styles 3(or 4).
Fruits

pomes, brown, red, green, or yellow, often dotted, globose, subglobose, ovoid, obovoid, or pyriform, 8–120 mm diam., glabrous; fleshy with abundant stone or grit cells;

hypanthium persistent;

sepals persistent or deciduous, reflexed;

carpels cartilaginous;

styles persistent or not.

Pomes

dark brown, subglobose or obovoid, 15–22 mm diam.;

sepals mostly persistent.
Seeds

2–5(–10) per fruit.

x

= 34.

2n

= 34.

Pyrus

Pyrus serrulata
Phenology Flowering Apr.
Habitat Fields
Elevation 300 m (1000 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MO; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America]
Discussion

Species ca. 25 (6 in the flora).

Pyrus communis is widely cultivated and naturalized in temperate and subtropical regions around the world. The evergreen pear, P. kawakamii, is widely cultivated, especially in California. This taxon has recently been included in P. calleryana (G. Cuizhi and S. A. Spongberg 2003), which is escaped in California. Some of the ornamental pear cultivars available in North America are selections of the oriental P. betulifolia Bunge, with fruits less than 1 cm diameter and leaves tomentose or at least slightly hairy proximally. Pyrus betulifolia is frequently used as a grafting stock. The willow-leaved pear, P. salicifolia Pallas, with densely silvery-pubescent leaves, pendent branches, and brown, pyriform pomes, is rarely cultivated in North America and is not known to escape. The Ussurian pear, P. ussuriensis Maximowicz, is less often cultivated and not known in North America as an escape; it is distinguished by persistent sepals on the fruit and spinulose-serrate leaf margins.

Pyrus may be divided into three groups (J. S. Challice and M. N. Westwood 1973; R. L. Bell 1990; K. Browicz 1993). Pyrus calleryana belongs to the Asian pea pear group. Pyrus pyrifolia belongs to the medium- to large-fruited Asian pears. Both P. communis and P. nivalis belong to the group of European species.

Although the cultivated fruits of apples and pears are easily distinguished, the wild pears and wild apples are sometimes quite similar. Pears differ from apples (Malus) by their hard glossy leaves, leaf margins with callused serrations, flower clusters with a central axis, and fruit with abundant stone or grit cells. The closely related quince (Cydonia oblonga) differs in its basally subcordate leaves that are abaxially tomentose and have entire margins, and its tomentose, pyriform pomes.

The identification of wild pears in North America is difficult. For more information see 4. Pyrus calleryana. The genus requires more study to resolve relationships, taxa, and hybrid origins.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The tree nursery industry has associated the common name "red spire" with this species but that name is frequently applied also to Pyrus calleryana. Because it is sometimes referred to simply as "serrulata," the name "serrulate pear" seems appropriate. Pyrus serrulata has been considered a hybrid, P. calleryana × P. pyrifolia, but recent taxonomic work has accorded it specific rank. The only report of this species as an escape in North America is based on a fruiting specimen collected in Howell County, Missouri. Potential hybrids involving P. calleryana may resemble this species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Branches white-tomentose when young; leaf blades: abaxial surfaces densely whitish gray pubescent.
P. nivalis
1. Branches and leaf blades glabrous or glabrescent
→ 2
2. Leaf margins spinulose-serrate, surfaces brown-lanate when young; flowers 25–35 mm diam.; pomes subglobose.
P. pyrifolia
2. Leaf margins entire or crenulate, serrulate, crenate-dentate, obtusely serrate, or crenate, surfaces glabrous or brown-tomentose abaxially when young; flowers 15–35 mm diam.; pomes globose, subglobose, obovoid, ovoid, or pyriform
→ 3
3. Styles 2 or 3(or 4); pomes blackish brown or dark brown, brown, or yellow-brown (often with pale dots), subglobose, globose, or obovoid, 10–15(–22) mm diam
→ 4
3. Styles 3(–5); pomes yellowish, green, brown, or red (with or without pale dots), globose, subglobose, ovoid, or pyriform, 8–160 × 8–120 mm
→ 5
4. Sepals mostly persistent; pomes subglobose or obovoid, 15–22 mm diam.; styles 3(or 4).
P. serrulata
4. Sepals usually deciduous; pomes globose, 10–15 mm diam.; styles 2 or 3.
P. calleryana
5. Leaf margins densely ciliate when young; sepals persistent; petals (12–)13–15 mm; leaf blades ovate or suborbiculate to elliptic, bases broadly cuneate to almost rounded.
P. communis
5. Leaf margins eciliate or sparsely ciliate when young; sepals deciduous, sometimes persistent; petals 6–12 mm; leaf blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or suborbiculate, bases usually cordate, sometimes broadly rounded.
P. cordata
Source FNA vol. 9, p. 479. Authors: Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow. FNA vol. 9, p. 482.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Pyrus
Sibling taxa
P. calleryana, P. communis, P. cordata, P. nivalis, P. pyrifolia
Subordinate taxa
P. calleryana, P. communis, P. cordata, P. nivalis, P. pyrifolia, P. serrulata
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 479. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 214. (1754) Rehder: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 50: 234. (1915)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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