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green wintergreen, green-flower shinleaf, green-flower wintergreen, greenish wintergreen, pyrole à fleurs verdâtres

Nootka wintergreen, white vein shinleaf, white-vein pyrola, white-vein wintergreen

Habit Plants rhizomatous, (0.7–)1.4–2.2(–2.7) dm. Plants rhizomatous, (0.5–)1.5–4.6 dm.
Leaves

sometimes reduced or absent;

petiole 8–60 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or round, (6–)18–28(–33) × (5–)10–30 mm, coriaceous, base rounded to truncate or decurrent, margins entire or crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded.

sometimes highly reduced or absent;

petiole 4–25 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade usually maculate, sometimes not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, dull or shiny and green to dark green, usually with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate or ovate-elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 8–80 × 4–49 mm, coriaceous, base obtuse to attenuate or decurrent, margins entire or denticulate to coarsely denticulate, apex obtuse to acute.

Inflorescences

1–2(–3) per stem, (1–)2–8(–17)-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1(–2), subulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.8–5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate;

inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate, usually shorter than, rarely longer than, subtended pedicels, (2.3–)3–5(–7.7) × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous.

1–2(–3), 4–24-flowered;

peduncular bracts 1–5, subulate to narrowly lanceolate, 3–9 × 1–2 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate;

inflorescence bracts subulate to ovate-lanceolate, usually shorter than or, rarely, longer than subtended pedicels, 3.5–6 × 2–3 mm, herbaceous.

Pedicels

3–8 mm.

3–18 mm.

Flowers

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, (0.9–)1.2–1.7 × (0.9–)1.3–1.9 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to obtuse;

petals greenish white to yellowish white, obovate, (4–)4.5–9 × 3.3–5.5 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate;

stamens 4–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.7–1.2 mm wide;

anthers (2.1–)2.5–3(–3.7) mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white or tan to yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, pores 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, (4–)5–7 mm;

stigma 0.9–1.5 mm wide, lobes erect.

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, widely deltate to widely ovate, 1.1–3.9 × 1.1–2.4 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute;

petals greenish white, white, pink, or reddish, obovate, 4.2–11.2 × 3.1–7.1 mm, margins entire or obscurely denticulate;

stamens 5–9 mm;

filament base 0.5–0.8 mm wide;

anthers 1.8–5.5 mm, apiculations absent or 0.1–0.2 mm, thecae creamy white to pink, tubules orange, 0.4–0.8 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls usually touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, 4–9 mm;

stigma (0.8–)1–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect.

Capsules

depressed-globose, 3–4.5 × 3.5–6.4 mm.

depressed-globose, 3–6 × 6–9 mm.

2n

= 46.

= 46.

Pyrola chlorantha

Pyrola picta

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Moist to dry, coniferous and deciduous forests Dry, coniferous forests
Elevation 10-3700 m (0-12100 ft) 400-3000 m (1300-9800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Europe
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

E. Haber (1993) interpreted some herbarium specimens with intermediate morphologies and abnormal pollen as putative hybrids between Pyrola chlorantha and P. minor, and between P. chlorantha and P. picta. Leafless forms of P. chlorantha can be distinguished reliably from those of P. picta by the size and shape of the calyx lobes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

E. Haber (1987) concluded that Pyrola picta, P. aphylla, and P. dentata are morphotypes of a single, highly variable species, a finding consistent with seed morphology data compiled by Hiroshi Takahashi (1993). Leafless scapes frequently are found attached to rhizomes bearing leafy shoots (W. H. Camp 1940; Haber 1987). Putative hybrids between P. picta and P. chlorantha have been reported at three locations in the western United States (Haber 1993). Cladistic analyses of molecular and morphologic data suggest that P. picta is sister to P. chlorantha (J. V. Freudenstein 1999b), which also occasionally is leafless.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 381. FNA vol. 8, p. 383.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. chlorantha, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor
Synonyms P. oxypetala, P. virens, P. virens var. convoluta P. aphylla, P. dentata, P. dentata var. integra, P. picta subsp. dentata, P. picta var. dentata, P. picta subsp. integra
Name authority Swartz: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. 31: 190, plate 5. 1810 , Smith: in A. Rees, Cycl., 29: Pyrola no. 8. 1814 ,
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