The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

green wintergreen, green-flower shinleaf, green-flower wintergreen, greenish wintergreen, pyrole à fleurs verdâtres

arctic wintergreen, large-flower wintergreen, pyrole à grandes fleurs

Habit Plants rhizomatous, (0.7–)1.4–2.2(–2.7) dm. Plants rhizomatous, 0.5–1.9(–2.5) dm.
Leaves

sometimes reduced or absent;

petiole 8–60 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or round, (6–)18–28(–33) × (5–)10–30 mm, coriaceous, base rounded to truncate or decurrent, margins entire or crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded.

petiole 10–65(–80) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, sometimes, maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, sometimes with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate to elliptic or round to subreniform, 9–33(–45) × 10–50 mm, coriaceous, base truncate to rounded or cordate, margins subentire to crenate or crenate-serrulate, apex rounded to acute.

Inflorescences

1–2(–3) per stem, (1–)2–8(–17)-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1(–2), subulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.8–5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate;

inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate, usually shorter than, rarely longer than, subtended pedicels, (2.3–)3–5(–7.7) × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous.

1 per stem, 4–12-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1–3, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 6–12 × (2–)3–5 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire;

inflorescence bracts ovate-lanceolate to ovate, longer than subtended pedicels, 4.5–10 × 1.8–3.4 mm, chartaceous.

Pedicels

3–8 mm.

3–8 mm.

Flowers

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, (0.9–)1.2–1.7 × (0.9–)1.3–1.9 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to obtuse;

petals greenish white to yellowish white, obovate, (4–)4.5–9 × 3.3–5.5 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate;

stamens 4–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.7–1.2 mm wide;

anthers (2.1–)2.5–3(–3.7) mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white or tan to yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, pores 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, (4–)5–7 mm;

stigma 0.9–1.5 mm wide, lobes erect.

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green, pinkish, or reddish with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, (2.2–)2.8–6 × (0.9–)1.2–2 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices obtuse to rounded;

petals white, often suffused with pink, obovate to round, 6–10(–11) × 4.2–6 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, especially distally;

stamens 4–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.2–0.3 mm wide;

anthers 1.6–3 mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy yellow to golden yellow, tubules yellow to yellowish brown, 0.1–0.3 mm, scarcely narrowed above thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style scarcely exserted, 4.5–8 mm;

stigma 0.7–1.1 mm wide, lobes erect.

Capsules

depressed-globose, 3–4.5 × 3.5–6.4 mm.

depressed-globose, 2.9–4 × 3.8–6 mm.

2n

= 46.

= 46, 69.

Pyrola chlorantha

Pyrola grandiflora

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Moist to dry, coniferous and deciduous forests Arctic and alpine tundra, heathlands, coniferous forests, boreal forests and woodlands
Elevation 10-3700 m (0-12100 ft) 10-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Europe
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AB; BC; LB; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

E. Haber (1993) interpreted some herbarium specimens with intermediate morphologies and abnormal pollen as putative hybrids between Pyrola chlorantha and P. minor, and between P. chlorantha and P. picta. Leafless forms of P. chlorantha can be distinguished reliably from those of P. picta by the size and shape of the calyx lobes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

A. E. Porsild (1939) recognized three varieties in Pyrola grandiflora (var. canadensis, var. gormanii, and var. grandiflora) differing subtly in leaf and floral morphology, floral fragrance, and habitat. Variation among these taxa appears to be essentially continuous. E. Haber (1972) referred them to synonymy [under P. rotundifolia subsp. grandiflora (Radius) Andres] without discussion. Hybrids between P. grandiflora and P. minor have been reported from western Greenland; they were discussed by T. W. Böcher (1961).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 381. FNA vol. 8, p. 382.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. chlorantha, P. elliptica, P. minor, P. picta
Synonyms P. oxypetala, P. virens, P. virens var. convoluta P. grandiflora var. canadensis, P. grandiflora var. gormanii
Name authority Swartz: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. 31: 190, plate 5. 1810 , Radius: Pyrola & Chimaphila, 27, plate 3, fig. 2. (1821)
Web links