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green wintergreen, green-flower shinleaf, green-flower wintergreen, greenish wintergreen, pyrole à fleurs verdâtres

elliptic shineleaf, elliptic-leaf shinleaf, large-leaf shineleaf, pyrole elliptique, shinleaf, wax-flower wintergreen or shinleaf, waxflower shinleaf, white wintergreen

Habit Plants rhizomatous, (0.7–)1.4–2.2(–2.7) dm. Plants rhizomatous, 1.1–2.7(–3) dm.
Leaves

sometimes reduced or absent;

petiole 8–60 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or round, (6–)18–28(–33) × (5–)10–30 mm, coriaceous, base rounded to truncate or decurrent, margins entire or crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded.

petiole (8–)12–40 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, broadly elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, 12–80 × (8–)11–57 mm, subcoriaceous, base decurrent or acute to rounded, margins crenulate or obscurely denticulate, apex obtuse to rounded.

Inflorescences

1–2(–3) per stem, (1–)2–8(–17)-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1(–2), subulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.8–5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate;

inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate, usually shorter than, rarely longer than, subtended pedicels, (2.3–)3–5(–7.7) × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous.

1(–2) per stem, 3–14(–21)-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1–2(–4), subulate to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3.5–10 × 0.5–1.2 mm, membranous, margins entire;

inflorescence bracts subulate to narrowly lanceolate, usually shorter than or, rarely, longer than subtended pedicels, (2–)2.5–10 × 0.3–1 mm, membranous.

Pedicels

3–8 mm.

3–8 mm.

Flowers

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, (0.9–)1.2–1.7 × (0.9–)1.3–1.9 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to obtuse;

petals greenish white to yellowish white, obovate, (4–)4.5–9 × 3.3–5.5 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate;

stamens 4–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.7–1.2 mm wide;

anthers (2.1–)2.5–3(–3.7) mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white or tan to yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, pores 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, (4–)5–7 mm;

stigma 0.9–1.5 mm wide, lobes erect.

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, 1.2–2.1(–2.6) × 1.2–1.9(–2.3) mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to short-acuminate;

petals white to greenish white, obovate, 6–8.8(–10) × 3–5.4 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate;

stamens 4–6 mm;

filament base 0.6–0.9 mm wide;

anthers 2.2–3.5 mm, apiculations 0.1–0.4 mm, thecae creamy white or tan, tubules yellowish brown, 0.3–0.6 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths or connivent distally, pores 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, 5–7 mm;

stigma 0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm wide, lobes erect.

Capsules

depressed-globose, 3–4.5 × 3.5–6.4 mm.

depressed-globose, 3–5 × 3.7–6.6 mm.

2n

= 46.

= 46.

Pyrola chlorantha

Pyrola elliptica

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Moist to dry, coniferous and deciduous forests Dry, upland forests
Elevation 10-3700 m (0-12100 ft) 10-1700 m (0-5600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Europe
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

E. Haber (1993) interpreted some herbarium specimens with intermediate morphologies and abnormal pollen as putative hybrids between Pyrola chlorantha and P. minor, and between P. chlorantha and P. picta. Leafless forms of P. chlorantha can be distinguished reliably from those of P. picta by the size and shape of the calyx lobes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 381. FNA vol. 8, p. 382.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. chlorantha, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
Synonyms P. oxypetala, P. virens, P. virens var. convoluta
Name authority Swartz: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. 31: 190, plate 5. 1810 , Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 273. 1818 ,
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