Pyrola asarifolia |
Pyrola picta |
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bog wintergreen, common pink wintergreen, large wintergreen, liver-leaf wintergreen, pink pyrola, pink shinleaf, pink wintergreen, pyrole à feuilles d'asaret |
Nootka wintergreen, white vein shinleaf, white-vein pyrola, white-vein wintergreen |
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Habit | Plants rhizomatous, (0.8–)1.5–4.3(–6.4) dm. | Plants rhizomatous, (0.5–)1.5–4.6 dm. | ||||
Leaves | petiole (6–)15–65(–109) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green adaxially, ovate, elliptic, round, or reniform, (10–)24–71(–98) × (10–)13–49(–83) mm, coriaceous, base cordate or rounded to decurrent, margins entire or crenulate or denticulate, apex obtuse to acute. |
sometimes highly reduced or absent; petiole 4–25 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade usually maculate, sometimes not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, dull or shiny and green to dark green, usually with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate or ovate-elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, 8–80 × 4–49 mm, coriaceous, base obtuse to attenuate or decurrent, margins entire or denticulate to coarsely denticulate, apex obtuse to acute. |
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Inflorescences | 1 per stem, 4–29-flowered; peduncular bracts 1–3(–5), ovate to oblong-ovate, 7–16 × 2.5–5 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire; inflorescence bracts ovate to oblong-ovate, usually as long as or longer than, sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels, 3–17 × 1–3.6 mm, chartaceous. |
1–2(–3), 4–24-flowered; peduncular bracts 1–5, subulate to narrowly lanceolate, 3–9 × 1–2 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate; inflorescence bracts subulate to ovate-lanceolate, usually shorter than or, rarely, longer than subtended pedicels, 3.5–6 × 2–3 mm, herbaceous. |
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Pedicels | (3–)4–11 mm. |
3–18 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, triangular to triangular-ovate, 1.4–5.5(–5.8) × 1.3–2.7 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute to acuminate; petals white, white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout, obovate to round, 4.8–9.1 × 2.9–6 mm, margins entire; stamens 4.5–7.5 mm; filament base 0.6–1.1 mm wide; anthers (1.7–)2–3.5(–3.9) mm, apiculations 0.1–0.5(–0.7) mm, thecae creamy white or tan to dark pink, tubules pink to dark pink, 0.1–0.4 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.2 × 0.05–0.1 mm; ovary smooth; style exserted, 7–10 mm; stigma 0.7–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect, (without subtending ring of hairs). |
calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, widely deltate to widely ovate, 1.1–3.9 × 1.1–2.4 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute; petals greenish white, white, pink, or reddish, obovate, 4.2–11.2 × 3.1–7.1 mm, margins entire or obscurely denticulate; stamens 5–9 mm; filament base 0.5–0.8 mm wide; anthers 1.8–5.5 mm, apiculations absent or 0.1–0.2 mm, thecae creamy white to pink, tubules orange, 0.4–0.8 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls usually touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.3 × 0.1–0.2 mm; ovary smooth; style exserted, 4–9 mm; stigma (0.8–)1–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect. |
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Capsules | depressed-globose, 4–5 × 6–8 mm. |
depressed-globose, 3–6 × 6–9 mm. |
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2n | = 46. |
= 46. |
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Pyrola asarifolia |
Pyrola picta |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Dry, coniferous forests | |||||
Elevation | 400-3000 m (1300-9800 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; IA; ID; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Regional variation in Pyrola asarifolia in North America was examined by E. Haber (1983) using morphological and flavonoid data. Despite finding some longitudinal geographic differentiation, he concluded that most earlier-recognized segregates of the P. asarifolia complex were best included within a single, polymorphic species, with the large-bracted, denticulate-leaved, Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains element (subsp. bracteata) distinguishable from the relatively short-bracted, crenate-leaved, transcontinental element (subsp. asarifolia). Included within his concept of the latter subspecies were Asian plants referred to P. incarnata (de Candolle) Freyn. A more comprehensive study of the Asian element (Haber and Hiroshi Takahashi 1988) led to the conclusion that this vicariad was sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as P. asarifolia subsp. incarnata (de Candolle) Haber & Hir. Takahashi; it is distinguished from the North American subspecies by its narrower sepals. Takahashi (1993) found differences also in the seeds of the two subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
E. Haber (1987) concluded that Pyrola picta, P. aphylla, and P. dentata are morphotypes of a single, highly variable species, a finding consistent with seed morphology data compiled by Hiroshi Takahashi (1993). Leafless scapes frequently are found attached to rhizomes bearing leafy shoots (W. H. Camp 1940; Haber 1987). Putative hybrids between P. picta and P. chlorantha have been reported at three locations in the western United States (Haber 1993). Cladistic analyses of molecular and morphologic data suggest that P. picta is sister to P. chlorantha (J. V. Freudenstein 1999b), which also occasionally is leafless. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 380. | FNA vol. 8, p. 383. | ||||
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola | Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | P. aphylla, P. dentata, P. dentata var. integra, P. picta subsp. dentata, P. picta var. dentata, P. picta subsp. integra | |||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 251. (1803) | Smith: in A. Rees, Cycl., 29: Pyrola no. 8. 1814 , | ||||
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