Pyrola asarifolia |
Pyrola minor |
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bog wintergreen, common pink wintergreen, large wintergreen, liver-leaf wintergreen, pink pyrola, pink shinleaf, pink wintergreen, pyrole à feuilles d'asaret |
lesser wintergreen, little shinleaf, snow-line wintergreen |
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Habit | Plants rhizomatous, (0.8–)1.5–4.3(–6.4) dm. | Plants rhizomatous, (0.6–)1.2–2.1(–3) dm. | ||||
Leaves | petiole (6–)15–65(–109) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green adaxially, ovate, elliptic, round, or reniform, (10–)24–71(–98) × (10–)13–49(–83) mm, coriaceous, base cordate or rounded to decurrent, margins entire or crenulate or denticulate, apex obtuse to acute. |
petiole 2–32 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade not maculate, dull and light green abaxially, dull to shiny and green to dark green adaxially, oblong-elliptic, ovate, obovate, or round, (5–)20–30(–42) × (7–)14–27 mm, subcoriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, margins crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse or rounded. |
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Inflorescences | 1 per stem, 4–29-flowered; peduncular bracts 1–3(–5), ovate to oblong-ovate, 7–16 × 2.5–5 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire; inflorescence bracts ovate to oblong-ovate, usually as long as or longer than, sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels, 3–17 × 1–3.6 mm, chartaceous. |
1 per stem, 3–11(–17)-flowered; peduncular bracts absent or 1–2, lanceolate to ovate or obovate, 4–6.5 × 0.7–2 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate; inflorescence bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, equaling or longer than subtended pedicels, (3–)4–5(–7.3) × 0.5–1.4 mm, chartaceous. |
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Pedicels | (3–)4–11 mm. |
2.5–4.5 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, triangular to triangular-ovate, 1.4–5.5(–5.8) × 1.3–2.7 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute to acuminate; petals white, white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout, obovate to round, 4.8–9.1 × 2.9–6 mm, margins entire; stamens 4.5–7.5 mm; filament base 0.6–1.1 mm wide; anthers (1.7–)2–3.5(–3.9) mm, apiculations 0.1–0.5(–0.7) mm, thecae creamy white or tan to dark pink, tubules pink to dark pink, 0.1–0.4 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.2 × 0.05–0.1 mm; ovary smooth; style exserted, 7–10 mm; stigma 0.7–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect, (without subtending ring of hairs). |
radially symmetric; calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pink with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, deltate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.3–1.8 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, especially distally, apices acute to obtuse or, rarely, acuminate; petals white or pink, obovate to broadly elliptic, (3–)3.3–5 × 2.6–3.8 mm, margins entire; stamens 2.2–3.5 mm; filament base 0.1–0.4 mm wide; anthers 0.8–1.4 mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white to greenish white, often yellowish brown distally, tubules absent, pores 0.1–0.3 × 0.05–0.1 mm; ovary smooth; style included, straight, (0.5–)0.8–1.5(–1.8) mm; stigma 0.9–1.3 mm wide, lobes spreading. |
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Capsules | depressed-globose, 4–5 × 6–8 mm. |
depressed-globose, 3–4 × 4.5–5.4 mm. |
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2n | = 46. |
= 46. |
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Pyrola asarifolia |
Pyrola minor |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | |||||
Habitat | Moist, often mossy sites in coniferous and boreal forests, thickets, stream banks | |||||
Elevation | 10-3700 m (0-12100 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; IA; ID; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MT; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Regional variation in Pyrola asarifolia in North America was examined by E. Haber (1983) using morphological and flavonoid data. Despite finding some longitudinal geographic differentiation, he concluded that most earlier-recognized segregates of the P. asarifolia complex were best included within a single, polymorphic species, with the large-bracted, denticulate-leaved, Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains element (subsp. bracteata) distinguishable from the relatively short-bracted, crenate-leaved, transcontinental element (subsp. asarifolia). Included within his concept of the latter subspecies were Asian plants referred to P. incarnata (de Candolle) Freyn. A more comprehensive study of the Asian element (Haber and Hiroshi Takahashi 1988) led to the conclusion that this vicariad was sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as P. asarifolia subsp. incarnata (de Candolle) Haber & Hir. Takahashi; it is distinguished from the North American subspecies by its narrower sepals. Takahashi (1993) found differences also in the seeds of the two subspecies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pyrola minor and P. asarifolia are broadly sympatric in North America. Scattered hybrids between these species have been reported, mostly from the area of sympatry (E. Haber 1984). Haber (1993) found herbarium evidence for at least one case of hybridization between P. minor and P. chlorantha. T. W. Böcher (1961) discussed hybrids between P. minor and P. grandiflora from western Greenland. The straight style and actinomorphic corolla of Pyrola minor have been interpreted as paedomorphic conditions (J. V. Freudenstein 1999b). Among three northern European species of Pyrola studied by J. T. Knudsen and J. M. Olesen (1993), the shifts in floral morphology in P. minor were found to be associated with a significantly higher capacity for self-pollination. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 380. | FNA vol. 8, p. 383. | ||||
Parent taxa | Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola | Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 251. (1803) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753 , | ||||
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