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bog wintergreen, common pink wintergreen, large wintergreen, liver-leaf wintergreen, pink pyrola, pink shinleaf, pink wintergreen, pyrole à feuilles d'asaret

green wintergreen, green-flower shinleaf, green-flower wintergreen, greenish wintergreen, pyrole à fleurs verdâtres

Habit Plants rhizomatous, (0.8–)1.5–4.3(–6.4) dm. Plants rhizomatous, (0.7–)1.4–2.2(–2.7) dm.
Leaves

petiole (6–)15–65(–109) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green adaxially, ovate, elliptic, round, or reniform, (10–)24–71(–98) × (10–)13–49(–83) mm, coriaceous, base cordate or rounded to decurrent, margins entire or crenulate or denticulate, apex obtuse to acute.

sometimes reduced or absent;

petiole 8–60 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous;

blade not or, rarely, obscurely maculate, dull and light green to purplish abaxially, shiny and dark green, rarely with white tissue bordering larger veins adaxially, ovate, elliptic, obovate, or round, (6–)18–28(–33) × (5–)10–30 mm, coriaceous, base rounded to truncate or decurrent, margins entire or crenulate to crenulate-serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded.

Inflorescences

1 per stem, 4–29-flowered;

peduncular bracts 1–3(–5), ovate to oblong-ovate, 7–16 × 2.5–5 mm, chartaceous or membranous, margins entire;

inflorescence bracts ovate to oblong-ovate, usually as long as or longer than, sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels, 3–17 × 1–3.6 mm, chartaceous.

1–2(–3) per stem, (1–)2–8(–17)-flowered;

peduncular bracts absent or 1(–2), subulate to linear-lanceolate, 2.8–5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate;

inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate, usually shorter than, rarely longer than, subtended pedicels, (2.3–)3–5(–7.7) × 0.5–0.8 mm, membranous.

Pedicels

(3–)4–11 mm.

3–8 mm.

Flowers

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white or pinkish, triangular to triangular-ovate, 1.4–5.5(–5.8) × 1.3–2.7 mm, margins entire or erose-denticulate, apices acute to acuminate;

petals white, white proximally and pinkish distally, or pink to purplish red throughout, obovate to round, 4.8–9.1 × 2.9–6 mm, margins entire;

stamens 4.5–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.6–1.1 mm wide;

anthers (1.7–)2–3.5(–3.9) mm, apiculations 0.1–0.5(–0.7) mm, thecae creamy white or tan to dark pink, tubules pink to dark pink, 0.1–0.4 mm, gradually narrowed from thecae, lateral walls touching for most of their lengths, pores 0.1–0.2 × 0.05–0.1 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, 7–10 mm;

stigma 0.7–1.6 mm wide, lobes erect, (without subtending ring of hairs).

calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, green or pinkish with margins hyaline to white, deltate to deltate-ovate, (0.9–)1.2–1.7 × (0.9–)1.3–1.9 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate, apices acute to obtuse;

petals greenish white to yellowish white, obovate, (4–)4.5–9 × 3.3–5.5 mm, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate;

stamens 4–7.5 mm;

filament base 0.7–1.2 mm wide;

anthers (2.1–)2.5–3(–3.7) mm, apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy white or tan to yellowish, tubules yellowish brown, 0.7–1.1 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching or connivent distally, pores 0.2–0.4 × 0.1–0.2 mm;

ovary smooth;

style exserted, (4–)5–7 mm;

stigma 0.9–1.5 mm wide, lobes erect.

Capsules

depressed-globose, 4–5 × 6–8 mm.

depressed-globose, 3–4.5 × 3.5–6.4 mm.

2n

= 46.

= 46.

Pyrola asarifolia

Pyrola chlorantha

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Moist to dry, coniferous and deciduous forests
Elevation 10-3700 m (0-12100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; IA; ID; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; ID; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Europe
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

Regional variation in Pyrola asarifolia in North America was examined by E. Haber (1983) using morphological and flavonoid data. Despite finding some longitudinal geographic differentiation, he concluded that most earlier-recognized segregates of the P. asarifolia complex were best included within a single, polymorphic species, with the large-bracted, denticulate-leaved, Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains element (subsp. bracteata) distinguishable from the relatively short-bracted, crenate-leaved, transcontinental element (subsp. asarifolia). Included within his concept of the latter subspecies were Asian plants referred to P. incarnata (de Candolle) Freyn. A more comprehensive study of the Asian element (Haber and Hiroshi Takahashi 1988) led to the conclusion that this vicariad was sufficiently distinct to warrant recognition as P. asarifolia subsp. incarnata (de Candolle) Haber & Hir. Takahashi; it is distinguished from the North American subspecies by its narrower sepals. Takahashi (1993) found differences also in the seeds of the two subspecies.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

E. Haber (1993) interpreted some herbarium specimens with intermediate morphologies and abnormal pollen as putative hybrids between Pyrola chlorantha and P. minor, and between P. chlorantha and P. picta. Leafless forms of P. chlorantha can be distinguished reliably from those of P. picta by the size and shape of the calyx lobes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Margins of leaf blades entire or crenulate; proximal inflorescence bracts usually as long as or longer than subtended pedicels, sometimes shorter than subtended pedicels; calyx lobe apices acute to acuminate; leaf blades round, ovate, elliptic, or reniform.
subsp. asarifolia
1. Margins of leaf blades denticulate or, rarely, entire; proximal inflorescence bracts longer than subtended pedicels; calyx lobe apices acuminate; leaf blades ovate or elliptic.
subsp. bracteata
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 380. FNA vol. 8, p. 381.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae > Pyrola
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. chlorantha, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
P. americana, P. asarifolia, P. elliptica, P. grandiflora, P. minor, P. picta
Subordinate taxa
P. asarifolia subsp. asarifolia, P. asarifolia subsp. bracteata
Synonyms P. oxypetala, P. virens, P. virens var. convoluta
Name authority Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 251. (1803) Swartz: Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Nya Handl. 31: 190, plate 5. 1810 ,
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