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Chinese firethorn

Himalayan or nepal firethorn, Nepalese firethorn

Habit Plants 10–30 dm. Plants 10–50 dm.
Stems

thorns sparse to abundant;

young twigs rusty-hairy (gray-hairy in 1 variation), glabrescent.

thorns usually abundant;

young twigs brown-hairy, glabrescent later.

Leaves

stipules 3–8 mm;

petiole 2–5 mm;

blade oblanceolate or obovate, 1.5–6 × 0.5–2.5 cm, base cuneate, margins remotely serrulate or crenulate, often entire proximally, apex obtuse, emarginate, or short-apiculate, surfaces glabrate.

stipules 2–4 mm;

petiole 2–6 mm;

blade elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceolate, 1–7 × 0.4–1.8 cm, base rounded to cuneate, margins crenulate to sparsely serrulate, apex acute or short-apiculate, sometimes obtuse, surfaces glabrous or nearly so.

Inflorescences

3–4 cm diam.

2–5 cm diam.;

peduncles brown-hairy or glabrous.

Pedicels

2–8 mm, usually glabrate, rarely sparsely appressed brown- or gray-hairy.

4–10 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

4–12 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrate, rarely slightly hairy;

sepals triangular, 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse;

petals suborbiculate, 3–4 mm, apex rounded.

6–10 mm diam.;

hypanthium glabrous;

sepals triangular, 1 mm, apex acute;

petals orbiculate, 3–5 mm, apex rounded.

Pomes

orange-red to dark red, 3–6 mm diam.;

pedicels 2–10 mm.

orange-yellow, orange, or red, subglobose, 3–8 mm diam.;

pedicels 5–12 mm.

2n

= 34 (China).

Pyracantha fortuneana

Pyracantha crenulata

Phenology Flowering Feb–May; fruiting Sep–Mar. Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Aug–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed ground, roadsides, canyons, woodland edges, open forests, riparian areas Canyons
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; CA; FL; GA; LA; NC; OR; SC; TX; WA; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe (England), Pacific Islands (Hawaii, New Zealand), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Asia [Introduced, Calif.; introduced also in Europe, e Asia (Japan), Africa (South Africa), Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pyracantha fortuneana is native to central and western China. It is variable in the amount of toothing on the leaf blades and color of the hairs on new growth. Plants having grayish hairs on young twigs rather than the usual rusty or brownish hairs have been attributed to the taxon P. rogersiana, which has also been interpreted as a variety of P. crenulata. It is insufficiently distinct to separate from P. fortuneana among the specimens examined.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pyracantha crenulata is native to southwestern China, India, Kashmir, and Nepal. A dwarf variant has been called var. kansuensis and is reported as native to China (A. J. Rehder 1949; Gu C. Z. and S. A. Spongberg 2003b); it is distinguished by its short stature (rarely exceeding 2 m), abundantly thorny branches, small leaf blades (1–2.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm), and small (3–5 mm diam.) red pomes. Its presence among the naturalized records of P. crenulata in California is suggested, but its morphology is not clearly distinctive. G. L. Nesom (2010) suggested P. fortuneana was not distinct from P. crenulata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 469. FNA vol. 9, p. 470.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Pyracantha Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Pyracantha
Sibling taxa
P. angustifolia, P. atalantioides, P. coccinea, P. crenulata, P. koidzumii
P. angustifolia, P. atalantioides, P. coccinea, P. fortuneana, P. koidzumii
Synonyms Photinia fortuneana, P. crenatoserrata, P. crenulata var. rogersiana, P. rogersiana, P. yunnanensis Mespilus crenulata, Cotoneaster crenulatus, Crataegus crenulata, C. pyracantha var. crenulata, P. chinensis, P. crenulata var. kansuensis
Name authority (Maximowicz) H. L. Li: J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 420. (1944) (D. Don) M. Roemer: Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 220. (1847)
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