Flora of North America species comparison

2–4(–6) cm, tufted, weakly comose to evenly foliate, innovations elongate and evenly foliate; usually strongly radiculose well toward stem apices.

2–4(–6) cm, fertile stems comose, innovations evenly foliate.

green, red-green, or yellow-green, dull brown-red or brick red with age, somewhat twisted to contorted when dry, ovate, flat to weakly concave, (1–)2–3(–4) mm, not much enlarged toward stem apex;

base strongly and narrowly decurrent;

margins revolute to mid leaf or beyond, limbidium strong, in 2 or 3 rows;

apex acute;

costa short-excurrent, awn smooth;

proximal laminal cells short-rectangular, 3:1, same width or somewhat wider than more distal cells;

medial and distal cells rhomboidal, 14–22 µm wide, (2–)3:1, walls firm to often incrassate.

red, dark red-brown with age, crowded, contorted to shrunken when dry, ovate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave, 1–3.5(–4) mm, often gradually enlarged toward stem apex;

base uniformly red, not or weakly decurrent;

margins revolute proximally, plane distally, limbidium strong, in 2 or 3 rows;

apex acute;

costa percurrent to short-excurrent, awn stout;

proximal laminal cells rectangular, 3–4:1;

medial and distal cells 12–18 µm wide, 2–3:1, walls incrassate, porose.

1–3(–4) cm.

red-brown, 1–3(–4) cm, stout, straight to somewhat flexuose.

dioicous.

dioicous.

brown, elongate-ovate, symmetric, 3–5 mm, mouth yellow;

operculum conic, apiculate;

peristome well developed;

exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae usually straight mid tooth, pores absent along mid line;

endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane high, 1/2 exostome height, segments with ovate perforations, cilia long, appendiculate.

brown, elongate-pyriform, somewhat curved, 3–5 mm, mouth yellow-brown;

operculum conic, apiculate;

peristome reduced;

exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae straight, pores absent near base along mid line;

endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane less than 1/2 exostome height, segments with ovate perforations, cilia reduced or absent.

12–18 µm, finely papillose, pale yellow or green.

16–22(–24) µm, yellow to green.

asexual reproduction occasional, by leaf axil gemmae, brown.

asexual reproduction uncommon, by leaf axil gemmae, brown-red, papillose.