Flora of North America species comparison

1–2(–3) cm, comose, innovations comose or somewhat elongate and evenly foliate; often strongly radiculose.

0.5–2(–3) cm, fertile stems comose, innovations evenly foliate.

green, twisted to contorted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, flat to weakly concave, (1–)2–3(–3.5) mm, somewhat enlarged toward stem apex;

base weakly decurrent;

margins revolute to mid leaf or beyond, limbidium strong, in 2 or 3 rows, yellowish;

apex acuminate;

costa long-excurrent, awn ± smooth;

proximal laminal cells 3–4:1, same width or sometimes wider than more distal cells;

medial and distal cells rhomboidal, 14–22 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls usually thin to firm, never oblique to costa.

yellow-green to red, crowded, strongly contorted to shrunken when dry, ovate-lanceolate, flat, 0.5–2 mm, often gradually enlarged toward stem apex;

base usually green, not decurrent;

margins revolute proximally, limbidium strong, in 2 or 3 rows;

apex acuminate;

costa short-excurrent, awn slender;

proximal laminal cells rectangular, 3–4:1;

medial and distal cells 18–22 µm wide, 2–3:1, walls thin.

1–2(–3) cm.

purple or red, 2–4(–5) cm, stout, straight to somewhat flexuose.

synoicous.

usually polyoicous, sometimes autoicous.

brown, elongate-pyriform, symmetric, 2–4 mm, mouth yellow;

operculum conic, apiculate;

peristome well developed;

exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae usually straight mid tooth, pores absent along mid line;

endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane high, 1/2 exostome height, segments with broadly ovate perforations, cilia long, appendiculate.

yellow-brown or brown, pyriform, symmetric, 2–4 mm, mouth yellow;

hypophysis slender;

operculum long-conic;

peristome reduced;

exostome teeth yellow or brown basally, pale yellow to hyaline distally, lamellae straight, pores absent near base along mid line;

endostome weakly adherent to exostome, basal membrane 1/2 exostome height, segments narrowly perforate, cilia absent or rudimentary.

10–14(–16) µm, finely papillose, pale brown-yellow or green.

with size variable in same capsule, (32–)36–48(–50) µm, pale green or yellow.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction absent.