Flora of North America species comparison

1–2(–3) cm, comose, innovations comose or somewhat elongate and evenly foliate; often strongly radiculose.

1–2 cm, comose, innovations comose or somewhat elongate and evenly foliate;

not strongly radiculose.

green, twisted to contorted when dry, ovate-lanceolate, flat to weakly concave, (1–)2–3(–3.5) mm, somewhat enlarged toward stem apex;

base weakly decurrent;

margins revolute to mid leaf or beyond, limbidium strong, in 2 or 3 rows, yellowish;

apex acuminate;

costa long-excurrent, awn ± smooth;

proximal laminal cells 3–4:1, same width or sometimes wider than more distal cells;

medial and distal cells rhomboidal, 14–22 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls usually thin to firm, never oblique to costa.

green, twisted to contorted when dry, oblong or ovate, concave, (0.5–)1–2 mm, not much enlarged toward stem apex;

base not decurrent;

margins plane or revolute to mid leaf, limbidium somewhat indistinct, in 1 or 2 rows;

apex acute, sometimes apiculate;

costa percurrent in proximal leaves to sometimes short-excurrent in distal leaves, awn denticulate;

proximal laminal cells 3–4:1, same width or sometimes wider than more distal cells;

medial and distal cells rhomboidal, 12–16 µm wide, 3–4:1, walls thin.

1–2(–3) cm.

2–3 cm.

synoicous.

autoicous.

brown, elongate-pyriform, symmetric, 2–4 mm, mouth yellow;

operculum conic, apiculate;

peristome well developed;

exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae usually straight mid tooth, pores absent along mid line;

endostome not adherent to exostome, basal membrane high, 1/2 exostome height, segments with broadly ovate perforations, cilia long, appendiculate.

brown, pyriform, symmetric, 2–3 mm, mouth yellow;

operculum short-conic, apiculate;

peristome reduced;

exostome teeth yellow basally, hyaline distally, lamellae usually straight mid tooth, pores absent along mid line;

endostome variable, not adherent to exostome, basal membrane low, segments with narrowly ovate perforations, sometimes reduced, cilia variable, absent or occasionally present and well developed, appendiculate or nodose.

10–14(–16) µm, finely papillose, pale brown-yellow or green.

(28–)30–40 µm, finely papillose, green.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction by leaf axil gemmae, green or green-brown.