Psilostrophe cooperi |
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae |
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Cooper's paper daisy, paper flower, whitestem paperflower |
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Habit | Shrubs or subshrubs, (15–)25–30(–50+) cm. | Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–160 cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | pannose (white). |
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Leaves | basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic, filiform, lanceolate, linear, oblong, ovate, or spatulate, often 1–2-pinnately or -ternately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy, usually gland-dotted. |
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Peduncles | 35–60(–80+) mm. |
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Involucres | 6–8 mm. |
mostly campanulate, cylindric, hemispheric, obconic, or ± rotate. |
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Receptacles | mostly conic, convex, flat, globose, hemispheric, or ovoid, epaleate (smooth or slightly to deeply pitted, sometimes with setiform enations, sometimes gland-dotted; outer disc florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). |
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Ray florets | 0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter; corollas mostly yellow to orange, sometimes wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish. |
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Disc florets | (6–)10–17(–25). |
5–250+, usually bisexual and fertile, rarely functionally staminate; corollas yellow, orange, or wholly or partly purple, red-brown, or reddish, tubes much shorter than to about equaling slightly to abruptly and greatly dilated, funnelform to campanulate or urceolate throats, lobes 5, deltate to lance-deltate (equal or unequal, often attenuate, glabrous, papillate, or hairy, hairs sometimes moniliform); anther thecae pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. |
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Phyllaries | persistent, 5–50+ in 2–3+ series, distinct or outer connate, mostly elliptic, lanceolate, linear, oblanceolate, oblong, or ovate, subequal or unequal (erect or reflexed in fruit, usually herbaceous to scarious, margins seldom scarious). |
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Calyculi | 0. |
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Heads | borne singly. |
mostly radiate or discoid (rarely radiant), usually borne singly, sometimes in glomerules or corymbiform arrays. |
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Cypselae | usually glabrous, sometimes gland-dotted; pappi of 4–6 oblong to ± lanceolate scales 2–2.5 mm. |
usually obpyramidal, sometimes clavate, columnar, or obconic (lengths usually 1–2.5, rarely to 3.5 diams.), mostly densely and shaggily hairy, sometimes sparsely hairy or glabrate; pappi usually persistent, of 2–12 scales, sometimes 0 or of 35–150 bristles (Psathyrotes). |
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Rays | 3–6; laminae (8–)12–20 mm, spreading to reflexed in fruit. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Psilostrophe cooperi |
Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae subtribe Gaillardiinae |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Jun(–Dec). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Creosote-bush scrub, sandy washes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 100–2100 m (300–6900 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
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Mexico; South America; Mostly sw United States |
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Discussion | Genera 12, species 123 (11 genera, 73 species in the flora). The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription of the subtribe (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Gaillardiinae in sense of Baldwin includes Balduina, Gaillardia, and Helenium; dispositions by Baldwin of other genera of Gaillardiinae in the broad sense include: Plateilema in Plateileminae, Psathyrotes and Trichoptilium in Psathyrotinae, and Amblyolepis, Baileya, Hymenoxys, Psilostrophe, and Tetraneuris in Tetraneuriinae (all in Helenieae sensu Baldwin). Psilostrophinae B. L. Turner & A. M. Powell is a superfluous name (circumscription included type of Riddelliinae O. Hoffmann). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 454. | FNA vol. 21, p. 415. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Psilostrophe | Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Riddellia cooperi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (A. Gray) Greene: Pittonia 2: 176. (1891) | Lessing: Linnaea 6: 516. (1831) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |