Flora of North America species comparison

3.5 cm, 1–2.5 mm wide, complanate-foliate.

and branch leaves similar, erect-spreading to squarrose, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, widest beyond base, smooth or undulate, not plicate;

base not decurrent;

margins plane or narrowly recurved basally, serrate to entire;

apex acute to acuminate;

costa double and short or ecostate;

alar cells not differentiated or quadrate to short-rectangular;

laminal cells smooth or distal cells sometimes prorulose at distal ends on abaxial surface;

distal cells usually longer than 6:1.

erect-spreading or sometimes secund with apices pointing toward substrate, not upturned-homomallous, close to somewhat distant, lanceolate, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, symmetric, smooth or weakly undulate, 0.3–2 × 0.2–0.7 mm;

margins plane, serrulate to entire proximally, serrulate to strongly serrate distally;

apex acuminate;

costa double, strong;

alar cells undifferentiated or quadrate to rectangular, 1–3 on margins;

medial laminal cells 48–100 × 4–7 µm;

distal cells sometimes minutely prorulose at distal ends on abaxial surface.

1–2.5 cm.

yellow, red, reddish brown, or dark red.

dioicous.

dioicous or autoicous, usually sterile;

perichaetial leaves small, lanceolate to ovate, apex acuminate to abruptly filiform-acuminate.

cernuous to pendulous, oblong-ovoid to ovoid, 1–2 mm;

operculum conic to short-rostrate.

erect to pendulous, ellipsoid to ovoid, straight to subarcuate, contracted below mouth and wrinkled at neck when dry;

annulus 2- or 3-seriate, deciduous;

operculum conic to short-rostrate;

peristome double;

exostome teeth with external surface cross striolate proximally, papillose distally;

endostome basal membrane high to low, segments keeled, cilia shorter than segments, in groups of 1–3.

naked.

7–12 µm.

spheric to ovoid, minutely papillose.

asexual reproduction present as propagula clustered in leaf axils below stem apices, 0.5–1.5 mm, yellow to green, not twisted-vermiform, resembling parent plant but smaller, bearing reduced leaves from apex to base of stems.

asexual reproduction by multicellular bodies sometimes present in clusters at stem apices or below in leaf axils.