Prunus spinosa |
Prunus minutiflora |
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blackthorn, blackthorn plum, sloe, sloe cherry |
Texas almond |
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Habit | Shrubs, suckering, 10–40 dm, thorny. | Shrubs, suckering, much branched, 10–20 dm, weakly thorny. |
Twigs | with axillary end buds, hairy. |
with axillary end buds, canescent. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 4–7 mm, hairy, eglandular; blade elliptic to obovate, 1.5–4 × 1–2.2 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins crenulate-serrulate, teeth blunt, often glandular, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface hairy (especially along midribs and veins), adaxial glabrate. |
deciduous; petiole 1–2(–6) mm, glabrous, eglandular; blade elliptic or obovate, 0.5–1.6(–3.5) × 0.3–0.8(–2.1) cm, base cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes irregularly serrulate (sometimes dentate on long shoots), teeth sharp to blunt, eglandular, some callus-tipped, apex usually obtuse to rounded, sometimes apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | usually solitary flowers, sometimes 2-flowered fascicles. |
solitary flowers. |
Pedicels | 0.5–5(–8) mm, usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |
0–2 mm, puberulent. |
Flowers | blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading, oblong, 1.5–2.5 mm, margins glandular-toothed, surfaces glabrous or adaxially hairy at bases; petals white, elliptic, 4–8 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
unisexual, plants dioecious, blooming at leaf emergence; hypanthium campanulate, 2–3 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading, triangular, 0.7–1.5 mm, margins entire, surfaces glabrous; petals white, obovate, 2–3.5 mm; ovaries hairy. |
Drupes | bluish black, globose, 10–15 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones subglobose, ± flattened. |
reddish brown, globose to ovoid, 9–12 mm, puberulent; hypanthium tardily deciduous; mesocarps leathery to dry (slightly splitting); stones ovoid to subglobose, not flattened. |
2n | = 32. |
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Prunus spinosa |
Prunus minutiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Aug–Sep. | Flowering Feb–Mar; fruiting May–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides | Dry rocky streambeds and uplands, limestone hills, ledges |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 100–700 m (300–2300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; ID; MA; ME; MI; NY; OR; WA; BC; NS; ON; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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TX |
Discussion | As past flora writers (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969; E. G. Voss 1972–1996) have noted, the distinctions between Prunus spinosa and P. domestica are not clear. Some researchers consider the hexaploid P. domestica to have been derived from the tetraploid P. spinosa, often in a scenario involving hybridization with P. cerasifera. It should not be surprising that some of the characters used in keys to separate these three taxa (spininess, indument, leaf size, pedicel length, numbers of flowers per bud) are subject to variation within each species and overlap among the species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Prunus minutiflora is a rare species limited to central Texas around the Edwards Plateau. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 376. | FNA vol. 9, p. 370. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 475. (1753) | Engelmann ex A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 185. (1850) |
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