Prunus nigra |
Prunus lusitanica |
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black plum, Canada plum, Canadian plum, prunier noir |
Portugal laurel |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 30–90 dm, moderately thorny. | Shrubs or trees, not suckering, 30–80(–200) dm, not thorny. |
Twigs | with axillary end buds, usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |
with terminal end buds, glabrous. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 8–22 mm, glabrate with hairs adaxially, sometimes glandular distally, glands 1–3, discoid; blade broadly elliptic to obovate, (5–)7–11 × 3–6.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, margins doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly acuminate, abaxial surface hairy along midribs and major veins, adaxial glabrous. |
persistent; petiole 14–20 mm, glabrous, eglandular; blade elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 6–13 × 2.5–7 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins crenate-dentate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous, abaxial eglandular, if glands present, restricted to margins. |
Inflorescences | 2–4-flowered, umbellate fascicles. |
18–60[–100]-flowered, racemes; central axes 100–280 mm, leafless at bases. |
Pedicels | 7–20 mm, usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |
7–15(–22) mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | blooming before or at leaf emergence; hypanthium red-tinged, obconic, 3–4(–5) mm, usually glabrous, rarely hairy externally; sepals broadly spreading to reflexed, ovate, 2–4(–5) mm, margins glandular-toothed, abaxial surface usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous or hairy; petals white, often fading to pink, suborbiculate to oblong-obovate, 8–13 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
blooming after leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading to reflexed, semicircular, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, ± ciliate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial hairy; petals white, suborbiculate to obovate, 4–7 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
Drupes | red, orange, or yellowish, barely glaucous, globose to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly flattened. |
dark purple, ovoid to conic-ovoid, 8–12 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy to leathery; stones ovoid, not flattened. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32, 64. |
Prunus nigra |
Prunus lusitanica |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Aug–Nov. |
Habitat | Borders of deciduous woods, bottomland forests, roadside thickets | Disturbed sites, thickets, urban forests |
Elevation | 10–800 m (0–2600 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NY; OH; VT; WI; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | In the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, Prunus nigra co-occurs with, and is sometimes confused with, P. americana, despite being distinct in both flower and leaf. The red-tinged hypanthia and sepals of P. nigra give the entire inflorescence a pinkish coloration even when the petals are pure white, and the sepals bear obvious glandular teeth along their margins; in P. americana the hypanthia and sepals are green and the sepals bear relatively few glandular teeth or are eglandular. The leaf marginal teeth of P. nigra are rounded and bear glands at their tips or have callus scars where the glands fell off; those of P. americana are acute and eglandular; some may have a callused tip. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 379. | FNA vol. 9, p. 363. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 165. (1789) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 473. (1753) |
Web links |
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