Prunus nigra |
Prunus laurocerasus |
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black plum, Canada plum, Canadian plum, prunier noir |
cherry-laurel, common cherry laurel, hedge cherry laurel, laurel cherry |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 30–90 dm, moderately thorny. | Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not thorny. |
Twigs | with axillary end buds, usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |
with terminal end buds, glabrous. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 8–22 mm, glabrate with hairs adaxially, sometimes glandular distally, glands 1–3, discoid; blade broadly elliptic to obovate, (5–)7–11 × 3–6.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, margins doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly acuminate, abaxial surface hairy along midribs and major veins, adaxial glabrous. |
persistent; petiole 5–15 mm, glabrous, eglandular; blade elliptic to obovate, 6–18 × 3–7 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins remotely serrulate or nearly entire, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly short-acuminate, apicula acute, surfaces glabrous, abaxial glandular, glands 1–several, proximal, flat, circular to oval. |
Inflorescences | 2–4-flowered, umbellate fascicles. |
26–32-flowered, racemes; central axes (35–)55–130 mm, leafless at bases. |
Pedicels | 7–20 mm, usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |
1–5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | blooming before or at leaf emergence; hypanthium red-tinged, obconic, 3–4(–5) mm, usually glabrous, rarely hairy externally; sepals broadly spreading to reflexed, ovate, 2–4(–5) mm, margins glandular-toothed, abaxial surface usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous or hairy; petals white, often fading to pink, suborbiculate to oblong-obovate, 8–13 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 3–4 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading, triangular, 0.7–1.2 mm, margins usually entire, sometimes with deciduous glands, ciliate in spots, surfaces glabrous or hairy; petals white, obovate or broadly elliptic to suborbiculate, 3–5 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
Drupes | red, orange, or yellowish, barely glaucous, globose to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly flattened. |
deep purple-red to nearly black, ovoid to conic-ovoid, 13–17 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy to leathery; stones ovoid, not flattened. |
2n | = 16. |
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Prunus nigra |
Prunus laurocerasus |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. | Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Aug–Nov. |
Habitat | Borders of deciduous woods, bottomland forests, roadside thickets | Riparian thickets, shaded ravines, understory of urban and second-growth forests |
Elevation | 10–800 m (0–2600 ft) | 0–600 m (0–2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; ND; NH; NY; OH; VT; WI; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC
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CA; OR; WA; BC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | In the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, Prunus nigra co-occurs with, and is sometimes confused with, P. americana, despite being distinct in both flower and leaf. The red-tinged hypanthia and sepals of P. nigra give the entire inflorescence a pinkish coloration even when the petals are pure white, and the sepals bear obvious glandular teeth along their margins; in P. americana the hypanthia and sepals are green and the sepals bear relatively few glandular teeth or are eglandular. The leaf marginal teeth of P. nigra are rounded and bear glands at their tips or have callus scars where the glands fell off; those of P. americana are acute and eglandular; some may have a callused tip. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Flowering specimens of Prunus laurocerasus with small leaves and entire margins that otherwise resemble P. caroliniana can be identified by their larger hypanthia and longer petals. In fruit, the stone is much harder in P. laurocerasus and does not split open upon drying; the flesh around the stone is thicker and more succulent. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 379. | FNA vol. 9, p. 362. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 165. (1789) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 474. (1753) |
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