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bigtree plum, Mexican plum

Habit Trees, rarely suckering, 30–120 dm, sparsely thorny.
Twigs

with axillary end buds, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 4–18 mm, hairy, rarely only adaxially, usually glandular distally, glands 1–2(–4);

blade usually elliptic, sometimes broadly elliptic, obovate, ovate, or oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, base usually obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes subcordate, margins coarsely, doubly serrate, teeth sharp, eglandular, apex usually abruptly acuminate to acuminate, rarely acute, abaxial surface densely hairy, adaxial rugose, glabrous or hairy.

Inflorescences

2–5-flowered, umbellate fascicles.

Pedicels

4–20 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.

Flowers

blooming before leaf emergence;

hypanthium obconic, 2–4.5 mm, glabrous or hairy externally;

sepals reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm, margins entire or irregularly or obscurely glandular-toothed, sometimes 2-fid at apices, ciliate, surfaces hairy;

petals white, sometimes turning pink, elliptic to obovate, 5–10 mm;

ovaries glabrous.

Drupes

purplish red to dark blue, glaucous, subglobose to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm, glabrous;

mesocarps fleshy;

stones ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly flattened.

Prunus mexicana

Phenology Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Aug–Oct.
Habitat Stream bottoms, open woods, edges of woods
Elevation 10–400 m (0–1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

As L. H. Shinners (1956b) pointed out, plums from Texas determined as Prunus americana var. lanata Sudworth are not P. americana but P. mexicana. This was extrapolated by others to mean that all hairy americana-type plums, which had been called var. lanata, are P. mexicana. As a consequence, P. mexicana is often listed from states far from where it truly occurs (for example, North Carolina, Ohio, Wisconsin) and herbarium sheets of hairy P. americana can often be found filed under P. mexicana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 379.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. andersonii, P. angustifolia, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. caroliniana, P. cerasifera, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. emarginata, P. eremophila, P. fasciculata, P. fremontii, P. geniculata, P. glandulosa, P. gracilis, P. havardii, P. hortulana, P. ilicifolia, P. laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, P. mahaleb, P. maritima, P. minutiflora, P. murrayana, P. myrtifolia, P. nigra, P. padus, P. pensylvanica, P. persica, P. pumila, P. rivularis, P. serotina, P. speciosa, P. spinosa, P. subcordata, P. subhirtella, P. texana, P. tomentosa, P. umbellata, P. virginiana, P. yedoensis
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 353. (1882)
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