Prunus domestica |
Prunus subhirtella |
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common garden plum, cultivated plum, European plum, prunier damas |
Higan cherry, winter-flowering cherry |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not or slightly thorny. | Trees, not suckering, 30–100 dm, not thorny. |
Twigs | with axillary end buds, usually hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
with terminal end buds, hairy. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 6–20 mm, glabrous or hairy on adaxial surface or both surfaces, eglandular or glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades, glands 1–3; blade elliptic to obovate, (2.5–)4–7(–9) × 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually acute to abruptly acuminate, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surface hairy (especially along veins), adaxial glabrous or midribs hairy. |
deciduous; petiole 5–10 mm, hairy, glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades; blade elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 3–8 × 1.5–4 cm, base obtuse, margins doubly serrate, teeth sharp, glandular, apex acuminate, abaxial surface hairy along midribs and veins, adaxial glabrous or with appressed hairs along midrib. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers or 2-flowered fascicles. |
2–5-flowered, umbellate fascicles. |
Pedicels | (2–)10–20 mm, glabrous or hairy. |
8–22 mm, hairy. |
Flowers | blooming before or at leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading to reflexed, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, margins glandular-toothed, ciliate, surfaces glabrous or hairy; petals white, oblong to suborbiculate, 7–14 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium tubular to tubular-urceolate, 4–7 mm, hairy externally; sepals erect to spreading, oblong-ovate, 2–5 mm, margins toothed, sometimes glandular, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous; petals pale pink, oblong to obovate, 8–12 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
Drupes | blue-black (green, yellow, or red in cultivars), ellipsoid to globose, 15–35 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid to ellipsoid, strongly flattened. |
black, subglobose, 8 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ellipsoid, not flattened. |
2n | = 48. |
= 24 (Japan). |
Prunus domestica |
Prunus subhirtella |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Aug–Sep. | Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fencerows, abandoned homesites | Disturbed sites, abandoned plantings |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; DE; ID; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; NB; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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DC; OH; VA; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | The distinctions given in the literature between Prunus domestica and P. insititia, and which cultivated varieties are derived from each of them, are contradictory and confusing. After examining plants from North America, it seems best to treat these Eurasian introductions as one variable species without designation of infraspecific taxa. European plums are grown along the West Coast, primarily in California, for prunes and other processed food. They are also grown in the Great Lakes region of Ontario, Michigan, and New York for both prunes and the local fresh market. Most of the commercial fresh plum market is supplied by fruits of the Japanese plum, Prunus salicina, and its hybrid derivatives, which include genetic material from native American species, for example, P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. hortulana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 376. | FNA vol. 9, p. 369. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. domestica subsp. insititia, P. domestica var. insititia, P. insititia | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 475. (1753) | Miquel: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 91. (1865) |
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