The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

common garden plum, cultivated plum, European plum, prunier damas

Higan cherry, winter-flowering cherry

Habit Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not or slightly thorny. Trees, not suckering, 30–100 dm, not thorny.
Twigs

with axillary end buds, usually hairy, sometimes glabrous.

with terminal end buds, hairy.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 6–20 mm, glabrous or hairy on adaxial surface or both surfaces, eglandular or glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades, glands 1–3;

blade elliptic to obovate, (2.5–)4–7(–9) × 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually acute to abruptly acuminate, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surface hairy (especially along veins), adaxial glabrous or midribs hairy.

deciduous;

petiole 5–10 mm, hairy, glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades;

blade elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 3–8 × 1.5–4 cm, base obtuse, margins doubly serrate, teeth sharp, glandular, apex acuminate, abaxial surface hairy along midribs and veins, adaxial glabrous or with appressed hairs along midrib.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers or 2-flowered fascicles.

2–5-flowered, umbellate fascicles.

Pedicels

(2–)10–20 mm, glabrous or hairy.

8–22 mm, hairy.

Flowers

blooming before or at leaf emergence;

hypanthium cupulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous externally;

sepals spreading to reflexed, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, margins glandular-toothed, ciliate, surfaces glabrous or hairy;

petals white, oblong to suborbiculate, 7–14 mm;

ovaries glabrous.

blooming before leaf emergence;

hypanthium tubular to tubular-urceolate, 4–7 mm, hairy externally;

sepals erect to spreading, oblong-ovate, 2–5 mm, margins toothed, sometimes glandular, abaxial surface sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous;

petals pale pink, oblong to obovate, 8–12 mm;

ovaries glabrous.

Drupes

blue-black (green, yellow, or red in cultivars), ellipsoid to globose, 15–35 mm, glabrous;

mesocarps fleshy;

stones ovoid to ellipsoid, strongly flattened.

black, subglobose, 8 mm, glabrous;

mesocarps fleshy;

stones ellipsoid, not flattened.

2n

= 48.

= 24 (Japan).

Prunus domestica

Prunus subhirtella

Phenology Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Aug–Sep. Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Jun.
Habitat Roadsides, fencerows, abandoned homesites Disturbed sites, abandoned plantings
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CT; DE; ID; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; NB; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DC; OH; VA; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The distinctions given in the literature between Prunus domestica and P. insititia, and which cultivated varieties are derived from each of them, are contradictory and confusing. After examining plants from North America, it seems best to treat these Eurasian introductions as one variable species without designation of infraspecific taxa.

European plums are grown along the West Coast, primarily in California, for prunes and other processed food. They are also grown in the Great Lakes region of Ontario, Michigan, and New York for both prunes and the local fresh market. Most of the commercial fresh plum market is supplied by fruits of the Japanese plum, Prunus salicina, and its hybrid derivatives, which include genetic material from native American species, for example, P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. hortulana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 376. FNA vol. 9, p. 369.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. andersonii, P. angustifolia, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. caroliniana, P. cerasifera, P. cerasus, P. dulcis, P. emarginata, P. eremophila, P. fasciculata, P. fremontii, P. geniculata, P. glandulosa, P. gracilis, P. havardii, P. hortulana, P. ilicifolia, P. laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, P. mahaleb, P. maritima, P. mexicana, P. minutiflora, P. murrayana, P. myrtifolia, P. nigra, P. padus, P. pensylvanica, P. persica, P. pumila, P. rivularis, P. serotina, P. speciosa, P. spinosa, P. subcordata, P. subhirtella, P. texana, P. tomentosa, P. umbellata, P. virginiana, P. yedoensis
P. americana, P. andersonii, P. angustifolia, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. caroliniana, P. cerasifera, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. emarginata, P. eremophila, P. fasciculata, P. fremontii, P. geniculata, P. glandulosa, P. gracilis, P. havardii, P. hortulana, P. ilicifolia, P. laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, P. mahaleb, P. maritima, P. mexicana, P. minutiflora, P. murrayana, P. myrtifolia, P. nigra, P. padus, P. pensylvanica, P. persica, P. pumila, P. rivularis, P. serotina, P. speciosa, P. spinosa, P. subcordata, P. texana, P. tomentosa, P. umbellata, P. virginiana, P. yedoensis
Synonyms P. domestica subsp. insititia, P. domestica var. insititia, P. insititia
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 475. (1753) Miquel: Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 91. (1865)
Web links