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common garden plum, cultivated plum, European plum, prunier damas

Murray's plum, Murray's plume

Habit Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not or slightly thorny. Shrubs, usually suckering, 5–30(–50) dm, ± thorny.
Twigs

with axillary end buds, usually hairy, sometimes glabrous.

with axillary end buds, hairy.

Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 6–20 mm, glabrous or hairy on adaxial surface or both surfaces, eglandular or glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades, glands 1–3;

blade elliptic to obovate, (2.5–)4–7(–9) × 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually acute to abruptly acuminate, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surface hairy (especially along veins), adaxial glabrous or midribs hairy.

deciduous;

petiole 8–16 mm, usually hairy on both surfaces, sometimes only on adaxial surface, usually glandular distally, glands 1–4;

blade lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, usually folded along midribs, 3.5–7.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually acuminate, sometimes acute, abaxial surface glabrous or ± hairy along midribs and veins, adaxial glabrous.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers or 2-flowered fascicles.

1–4-flowered, umbellate fascicles.

Pedicels

(2–)10–20 mm, glabrous or hairy.

4–14 mm, hairy.

Flowers

blooming before or at leaf emergence;

hypanthium cupulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous externally;

sepals spreading to reflexed, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, margins glandular-toothed, ciliate, surfaces glabrous or hairy;

petals white, oblong to suborbiculate, 7–14 mm;

ovaries glabrous.

blooming at leaf emergence;

hypanthium campanulate, 2–2.5 mm, hairy externally;

sepals erect to reflexed, ovate, 1.5–2 mm, margins glandular-toothed, abaxial surface glabrate or hairy, adaxial densely hairy at bases;

petals white, obovate, 4–8 mm;

ovaries glabrous.

Drupes

blue-black (green, yellow, or red in cultivars), ellipsoid to globose, 15–35 mm, glabrous;

mesocarps fleshy;

stones ovoid to ellipsoid, strongly flattened.

red with white dots, slightly to quite glaucous, globose, 10–18 mm, glabrous;

mesocarps fleshy;

stones ovoid, ± flattened.

2n

= 48.

Prunus domestica

Prunus murrayana

Phenology Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Aug–Sep. Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Jul–Aug.
Habitat Roadsides, fencerows, abandoned homesites Rocky stream banks, canyons, dry washes, fence rows
Elevation 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) 500–1500 m (1600–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CT; DE; ID; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; NB; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The distinctions given in the literature between Prunus domestica and P. insititia, and which cultivated varieties are derived from each of them, are contradictory and confusing. After examining plants from North America, it seems best to treat these Eurasian introductions as one variable species without designation of infraspecific taxa.

European plums are grown along the West Coast, primarily in California, for prunes and other processed food. They are also grown in the Great Lakes region of Ontario, Michigan, and New York for both prunes and the local fresh market. Most of the commercial fresh plum market is supplied by fruits of the Japanese plum, Prunus salicina, and its hybrid derivatives, which include genetic material from native American species, for example, P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. hortulana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Prunus murrayana was long known only from trans-Pecos Texas. M. F. Enquist (1997) expanded the range by recognizing the similarity of these plants to plants from the Edwards Plateau, which he described as a hairy variety of P. rivularis and placed P. murrayana in synonymy. Sequence analysis of DNA from some of the same hairy plants collected by Enquist indicate that these plants are distinct from P. rivularis and are most similar to P. hortulana (J. R. Rohrer et al. 2008). Prunus murrayana is a smaller plant than P. hortulana, with smaller leaves and fruits. Also, P. murrayana suckers to form shrubby thickets; P. hortulana generally forms single trees. The twigs, pedicels, and hypanthium exteriors are hairy in P. murrayana and glabrous in P. hortulana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 376. FNA vol. 9, p. 382.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus
Sibling taxa
P. americana, P. andersonii, P. angustifolia, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. caroliniana, P. cerasifera, P. cerasus, P. dulcis, P. emarginata, P. eremophila, P. fasciculata, P. fremontii, P. geniculata, P. glandulosa, P. gracilis, P. havardii, P. hortulana, P. ilicifolia, P. laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, P. mahaleb, P. maritima, P. mexicana, P. minutiflora, P. murrayana, P. myrtifolia, P. nigra, P. padus, P. pensylvanica, P. persica, P. pumila, P. rivularis, P. serotina, P. speciosa, P. spinosa, P. subcordata, P. subhirtella, P. texana, P. tomentosa, P. umbellata, P. virginiana, P. yedoensis
P. americana, P. andersonii, P. angustifolia, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. caroliniana, P. cerasifera, P. cerasus, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. emarginata, P. eremophila, P. fasciculata, P. fremontii, P. geniculata, P. glandulosa, P. gracilis, P. havardii, P. hortulana, P. ilicifolia, P. laurocerasus, P. lusitanica, P. mahaleb, P. maritima, P. mexicana, P. minutiflora, P. myrtifolia, P. nigra, P. padus, P. pensylvanica, P. persica, P. pumila, P. rivularis, P. serotina, P. speciosa, P. spinosa, P. subcordata, P. subhirtella, P. texana, P. tomentosa, P. umbellata, P. virginiana, P. yedoensis
Synonyms P. domestica subsp. insititia, P. domestica var. insititia, P. insititia P. rivularis var. pubescens
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 475. (1753) E. J. Palmer: J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 38. (1929)
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