Prunus domestica |
Prunus geniculata |
|
---|---|---|
common garden plum, cultivated plum, European plum, prunier damas |
scrub plum |
|
Habit | Shrubs or trees, sometimes suckering, 20–60(–100) dm, not or slightly thorny. | Shrubs, sometimes suckering, much branched, 5–10(–20) dm, thorny. |
Twigs | with axillary end buds, usually hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
with axillary end buds, hairy. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 6–20 mm, glabrous or hairy on adaxial surface or both surfaces, eglandular or glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades, glands 1–3; blade elliptic to obovate, (2.5–)4–7(–9) × 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually acute to abruptly acuminate, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surface hairy (especially along veins), adaxial glabrous or midribs hairy. |
deciduous; petiole 3–6 mm, hairy on adaxial surface, sometimes glandular distally, glands 1–2, discoid; blade elliptic, 0.8–2.5 × 0.4–1.3 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins crenulate-serrulate in distal 1/2, nearly entire on smaller leaves, teeth blunt, glandular, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronate, surfaces glabrous. |
Inflorescences | solitary flowers or 2-flowered fascicles. |
solitary flowers. |
Pedicels | (2–)10–20 mm, glabrous or hairy. |
0–3 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | blooming before or at leaf emergence; hypanthium cupulate, 3–5 mm, glabrous externally; sepals spreading to reflexed, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 3.5–6 mm, margins glandular-toothed, ciliate, surfaces glabrous or hairy; petals white, oblong to suborbiculate, 7–14 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
usually bisexual with some staminate flowers on same plant, blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium campanulate, 2–3 mm, glabrous externally; sepals erect to spreading, ovate, 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, ciliate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial hairy; petals white, elliptic, 2 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
Drupes | blue-black (green, yellow, or red in cultivars), ellipsoid to globose, 15–35 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid to ellipsoid, strongly flattened. |
reddish, ovoid, 12–25 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid, ± flattened. |
2n | = 48. |
|
Prunus domestica |
Prunus geniculata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Aug–Sep. | Flowering Jan–Feb; fruiting Mar–May. |
Habitat | Roadsides, fencerows, abandoned homesites | Longleaf pine-turkey oak sandhills, pine-evergreen oak scrub |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 10–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; DE; ID; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; NH; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; UT; VA; VT; WA; NB; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
|
FL |
Discussion | The distinctions given in the literature between Prunus domestica and P. insititia, and which cultivated varieties are derived from each of them, are contradictory and confusing. After examining plants from North America, it seems best to treat these Eurasian introductions as one variable species without designation of infraspecific taxa. European plums are grown along the West Coast, primarily in California, for prunes and other processed food. They are also grown in the Great Lakes region of Ontario, Michigan, and New York for both prunes and the local fresh market. Most of the commercial fresh plum market is supplied by fruits of the Japanese plum, Prunus salicina, and its hybrid derivatives, which include genetic material from native American species, for example, P. americana, P. angustifolia, and P. hortulana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Prunus geniculata is known only from the Lake Wales Ridge in central Florida. Much of its original habitat has been lost to residential, recreational, and agricultural development; it received federal listing as an endangered species in 1987. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 376. | FNA vol. 9, p. 378. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. domestica subsp. insititia, P. domestica var. insititia, P. insititia | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 475. (1753) | R. M. Harper: Torreya 11: 67. (1911) |
Web links |
|