Prunus cerasus |
Prunus mexicana |
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cerisier acide, cultivated sour cherry, pie cherry, sour cherry |
bigtree plum, Mexican plum |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, suckering, 30–50(–80) dm, not thorny. | Trees, rarely suckering, 30–120 dm, sparsely thorny. |
Twigs | with terminal end buds, glabrous. |
with axillary end buds, usually glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 10–24 mm, glabrous, usually eglandular, sometimes with discoid marginal glands at bases of blades; blade broadly elliptic to ovate or obovate, 4.4–6(–8) × 2.8–4(–6) cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex acute to abruptly acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous or glabrate, adaxial glabrous. |
deciduous; petiole 4–18 mm, hairy, rarely only adaxially, usually glandular distally, glands 1–2(–4); blade usually elliptic, sometimes broadly elliptic, obovate, ovate, or oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, base usually obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes subcordate, margins coarsely, doubly serrate, teeth sharp, eglandular, apex usually abruptly acuminate to acuminate, rarely acute, abaxial surface densely hairy, adaxial rugose, glabrous or hairy. |
Inflorescences | 1–4-flowered, umbellate fascicles. |
2–5-flowered, umbellate fascicles. |
Pedicels | 8–37 mm, glabrous. |
4–20 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy. |
Flowers | blooming at leaf emergence; hypanthium tubular-campanulate, 4–6 mm, glabrous externally; sepals reflexed, oblong, 4–7 mm, margins regularly glandular-toothed, surfaces glabrous; petals white, suborbiculate, 10–14 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
blooming before leaf emergence; hypanthium obconic, 2–4.5 mm, glabrous or hairy externally; sepals reflexed, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm, margins entire or irregularly or obscurely glandular-toothed, sometimes 2-fid at apices, ciliate, surfaces hairy; petals white, sometimes turning pink, elliptic to obovate, 5–10 mm; ovaries glabrous. |
Drupes | bright red, globose, 13–20 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones subglobose, not flattened. |
purplish red to dark blue, glaucous, subglobose to ellipsoid, 15–30 mm, glabrous; mesocarps fleshy; stones ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly flattened. |
2n | = 32. |
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Prunus cerasus |
Prunus mexicana |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Jun–Jul. | Flowering Mar–Apr; fruiting Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Roadsides, thickets, woodland borders, abandoned fields | Stream bottoms, open woods, edges of woods |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 10–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MT; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; VA; VT; WA; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; OK; TN; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas)
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Discussion | Cultivars of Prunus cerasus with doubled flowers are used as landscape ornamentals. Most of the commercial sour cherry crop in North America comes from Michigan. Unlike sweet cherry, all widely grown varieties of sour cherry are self-fertile. Bud scales at the bases of the pedicels on flowering and immature fruiting specimens of P. cerasus often have leaflike apices and the inner scales are erect; in P. avium the scales are not leaflike and the inner ones are reflexed or spreading. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
As L. H. Shinners (1956b) pointed out, plums from Texas determined as Prunus americana var. lanata Sudworth are not P. americana but P. mexicana. This was extrapolated by others to mean that all hairy americana-type plums, which had been called var. lanata, are P. mexicana. As a consequence, P. mexicana is often listed from states far from where it truly occurs (for example, North Carolina, Ohio, Wisconsin) and herbarium sheets of hairy P. americana can often be found filed under P. mexicana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 368. | FNA vol. 9, p. 379. |
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Amygdaleae > Prunus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 474. (1753) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 353. (1882) |
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