Prunus avium
Prunus emarginata
cerisier des oiseaux, sweet cherry, wild cherry
bitter cherry, Oregon cherry
with terminal end buds, glabrous.
with terminal end buds, glabrous or hairy.
deciduous;
petiole (14–)20–40 mm, nearly glabrous or sparsely hairy adaxially, glandular distally or on margins at bases of blades, glands 1–3, discoid;
blade oblong, elliptic-obovate, or obovate, (4–)7–14 × (2.5–)4–8.5 cm, base obtuse to rounded, margins doubly crenate-serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex abruptly short-acuminate, abaxial surface moderately hairy (especially midribs and veins), adaxial glabrous.
deciduous;
petiole 3–12 mm, glabrous or hairy, usually eglandular, rarely glandular distally, glands discoid;
blade elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate, or obovate, (1.5–)2–6(–8) × 1–3(–4.2) cm, base cuneate, margins crenate to serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually rounded to obtuse, rarely acute, surfaces glabrous or downy, abaxial often hairier.
1–3-flowered, umbellate fascicles.
(3–)6–12-flowered, corymbs or racemes;
central axes (5–)9–30 mm.
(14–)25–52 mm, glabrous.
3–12(–18) mm (subtended by leafy bracts), glabrous or hairy.
blooming at leaf emergence;
hypanthium tubular-urceolate, 5–7 mm, glabrous externally;
sepals reflexed, oblong, 4–6 mm, margins entire or sparsely and irregularly toothed, surfaces glabrous;
petals white, obovate to suborbiculate, 12–15 mm;
ovaries glabrous.
blooming at leaf emergence;
hypanthium obconic, 2.5–3 mm, glabrous or hairy externally;
sepals reflexed, oblong, 1.5–2 mm, margins entire, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes hairy abaxially;
petals white, elliptic to obovate, 3–8 mm;
ovaries glabrous or with scattered hairs.
dark red to purplish black, globose, 13–30 mm, glabrous;
mesocarps fleshy;
stones subglobose, not flattened.
bright red, globose to ovoid, 7–14 mm, glabrous;
mesocarps fleshy;
stones ellipsoid, not flattened.
= 16.
Prunus avium
Prunus emarginata
Cultivars of Prunus avium are grown in North America both for their attractive flowers, especially where the Japanese ornamental cherries are not hardy, and for their sweet fruits. Most of the sweet cherry crop in North America is grown in the Pacific Coast states and in Michigan and Ontario. Most varieties are self-incompatible and require pollen from a variety in a different incompatibility group in order to set fruits.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
H. J. Scoggan (1978–1979, part 3) included Prunus emarginata within P. pensylvanica. Given that much of the problem of separating P. emarginata from P. pensylvanica arises from intermediate plants found in British Columbia and western Montana where the ranges of the two species meet, this makes some sense from a Canadian perspective. When viewed from a continental perspective, P. emarginata normally does not look much like P. pensylvanica (see notes on their differences under 10. P. pensylvanica).
Individuals of Prunus emarginata vary considerably in their habit, size and shape of leaves, and indument on branchlets, inflorescences, and leaves. Many segregate species have been described based on this variation. Most often, western botanists have recognized one species with two varieties based on habit or indument; those characters are not well correlated. Some keys use habit to separate the varieties (var. emarginata, a shrub, versus var. mollis, a tree, commonly used in Pacific Northwest floras); others have used indument (var. emarginata, glabrous, versus var. mollis, hairy, more commonly used in floras of the arid West). On the mountain slopes in the more arid portions of its range, P. emarginata is a thicket-forming shrub to about 6 m with the leaves expanding to no more than 50 mm; in the moister, milder climates of coastal Oregon to British Columbia, as well as the interior wetbelt of northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, and adjacent British Columbia, the plants are trees to 15 m with larger leaves expanding to 80 mm. Hairy plants occur throughout the range of P. emarginata, and glabrous plants are found from British Columbia to Arizona, generally not west of the Cascades.
Hybrids between Prunus emarginata and naturalized P. avium (P. ×pugetensis Jacobson & Zika) have been reported from the lowlands of western British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
- Local floras:
BC, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites:
CalFlora, CalPhotos, 
Flora NW, 
Go Botany, 
IL Wildflowers, 
MD Biodiversity, 
MI Flora, 
PNW Herbaria 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
- Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
- Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog.
- WildflowerSearch
- iNaturalist (observations)
- USDA Plants Database
- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
