Prenanthes trifoliolata
Prenanthes sagittata
dwarf rattlesnakeroot, gall of the earth, prenanthe trifoliolée, threeleaf rattlesnakeroot
arrow-leaf rattlesnake-root, arrowleaf snakeroot
erect, green or sometimes mottled purple, usually glabrous, sometimes tomentulose distally.
erect, greenish and mottled purplish, ± glabrous or proximally glabrate, distally glabrous.
proximal usually present at flowering; petiolate (petioles winged, 1–25 cm);
blades deltate to ovate, 3–12 × 1–15 cm, thin, bases cordate to rounded, margins palmately 3(–5)-lobed to -divided (then leaves compound), lobes and sinuses usually angular (not rounded), lobes short and lanceolate, ultimate margins irregularly serrate, faces glabrous or ciliate along abaxial veins and margins;
distal reduced, palmately lobed or entire.
proximal present at flowering; petiolate (petioles narrowly winged, sometimes lobed, 5–15 cm);
blades ovate or deltate, 3–10 × 1.5–6 cm, thin, bases hastate to truncate or rounded, sometimes shallowly, palmately lobed, ultimate margins irregularly dentate, faces glabrous;
distal reduced.
narrowly campanulate (bases attenuate to bracteate peduncles), 10–13 × 4–5 mm.
narrowly campanulate (rounded), 7–13 × 5–8 mm.
8–13;
corollas pale yellow, 9–15 mm.
10–19;
corollas white, 9–15 mm.
7–10, green to dark green or blackish proximally, lanceolate to elliptic, 10–11 mm, margins scarious, sometimes ciliate, faces glabrous.
7–12, green to tan, apices dark, linear-lanceolate, 8–12 mm, margins narrowly scarious, (apices sparsely ciliate), faces glabrous.
of 5–7, green to dark green or blackish, triangular bractlets 1–3 mm, glabrous.
5–7, green, subulate to narrowly lanceolate bractlets 3–8 mm (longest 2/3 lengths of phyllaries), glabrous.
(2–7, nodding, in irregular clusters) in racemiform or paniculiform arrays.
in narrow, elongate paniculiform or racemiform arrays.
tan to brown, subcylindric, subterete to angled, 4–5 mm, distinctly 8–11-ribbed;
pappi pale yellow, 7–9 mm.
brown, fusiform to oblanceoloid, subterete or angled, 5 mm, indistinctly 7–10-ribbed;
pappi pale yellow, 5–6 mm.
= 16.
= 16.
Prenanthes trifoliolata
Prenanthes sagittata
Prenanthes trifoliolata is recognized by its relatively large, palmately 3–5-lobed leaves with angular lobes and sinuses, basally attenuate involucres, dark green and glabrous calyculi and phyllaries, and pale yellow corollas. Dwarf plants with deeply parted leaves found in alpine areas of northern New England and Canada have been recognized as P. nana or P. trifoliolata var. nana. This form is probably no more than a phenotypic adaptation to harsh environments. In at least some localities, it intergrades with more typical P. trifoliolata at lower elevations.
Hybrids between Prenanthes trifoliolata and P. racemosa, known as P. ×mainensis A. Gray, have been found in Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and southern Quebec, usually where the two parents come together in cliff or saline habitats. The leaves of the hybrids are intermediate between 3-lobed and spatulate, the distal are sessile, the heads are nodding, and the phyllaries are glabrous, as in the P. trifoliolata parent.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Prenanthes sagittata is similar to P. alata; it differs in its somewhat smaller stature, heads in narrower and more elongate arrays, and longer calyculi. The ranges of the two species do not overlap.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
MD Biodiversity
MI Flora
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
BC
PNW Herbaria
