Prenanthes serpentaria |
Prenanthes alata |
|
---|---|---|
butterweed, cankerweed, gall-of-the-earth, lion's-foot |
western rattlesnake-root, white or western white lettuce, wing-leaf rattlesnakeroot |
|
Habit | Plants 50–200+ cm; taproots short and thick, with lateral storage roots. | Plants 15–80 cm; taproots slender to thickened, tuberous. |
Stems | erect, green to reddish or purple mottled, proximally glabrous, distally sparsely tomentulose. |
1(–10), erect or ascending, green to purple, usually simple, glabrous or glabrate proximally, tomentulose distally. |
Leaves | proximal often withered by flowering; petiolate (petioles 1–10 cm, often with pair of lobes); blades deltate to ovate or elliptic, 5–20 × 4–10 cm, coriaceous, margins usually deeply, pinnately 3–5-lobed, lobes and sinuses large and ± rounded, sometimes deeply cleft to base or palmately divided, apices acute or obtuse, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous or finely tomentose on veins; cauline sessile or petiolate; distal reduced in size and lobing, often entire. |
proximal present at flowering; petioles winged (2–6 cm); blades triangular to irregularly elliptic, 3–25 × 1–7 cm, thin or slightly coriaceous, bases abruptly constricted, truncate to slightly hastate, margins irregularly dentate or coarsely serrate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrate; distal sessile, ovate to lanceolate, reduced. |
Involucres | cylindric (often attenuate basally to bracteate peduncles), 12–15 × 4–5 mm. |
narrowly campanulate, 10–13 × 5–6 mm. |
Florets | (8–)10–14(–19); corollas usually yellow to pale yellow, 9–15 mm. |
7–16; corollas white to purplish, 9–16 mm. |
Phyllaries | (7–)8–(10), green or often purple, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, 10–13 mm, sparsely hispid to appressed, coarsely setose, often reduced to single coarse, appressed seta (setae green or tan). |
8, green to dark green, lanceolate, 8–11 mm, margins scarious, apices acute, finely tomentulose. |
Calyculi | of 8–10, green to purple, triangular to subulate bractlets 1–4 mm, often tomentulose to setose. |
of 2–3, dark green, lanceolate or subulate bractlets 1–3 mm, glabrous or finely tomentulose. |
Heads | (6–12 in nodding clusters) in broad, paniculiform to corymbiform arrays (often widely branching and subdichotomous, at least some branches elongate). |
(10–17) in broad, corymbiform arrays, lateral branches often elongate and overtopping main stems. |
Cypselae | golden brown to light tan, subcylindric, subterete or angled, 5–8 mm, indistinctly 8–10-ribbed; pappi tan, 7–8 mm. |
brown to light tan, subcylindric, 4–7 mm, weakly 7–10-ribbed; pappi pale yellow to dull white, 8–10 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Prenanthes serpentaria |
Prenanthes alata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Oak-hickory woodlands, borders, oak flats, pine woods, sandy areas | Stream banks, mountain springs, seeps, cliffs near shore, moist shady places |
Elevation | 100–1700 m (300–5600 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; WV
|
AK; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC
|
Discussion | Prenanthes serpentaria is generally recognized by its large, deeply 3–5-lobed proximal leaves with rounded sinuses and lobes, winged petioles, attenuate involucres, sparsely setose phyllaries, and yellow corollas. The leaves are variable in size and lobing, often on the same plant. Some specimens have predominantly ovate to elliptic, unlobed leaves, and these have been variously recognized. Some specimens appear to combine characteristics of P. crepidinea or P. trifoliolata and may be the result of recent or ancient hybridization. The species boundaries in this group merit further study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Prenanthes alata is recognized by its relatively small size, elongate and winged petioles, triangular-hastate leaf blades, heads in broad corymbiform arrays, and dark green, finely tomentulose phyllaries. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 270. | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nabalus fraseri, Nabalus integrifolius, Nabalus serpentarius, P. integrifolia | Nabalus alatus, Sonchus hastatus, P. lessingii |
Name authority | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 499, plate 24. (1813) | (Hooker) D. Dietrich: Syn. Pl. 4: 1309. (1847) |
Web links |