Prenanthes racemosa |
Prenanthes autumnalis |
|
---|---|---|
glaucous rattlesnakeroot, glaucous white lettuce, prenanthe à grappe, purple rattlesnake-root |
slender rattlesnakeroot |
|
Habit | Plants 30–175 cm; taproots fusiform, tuberous. | Plants 40–140 cm; taproots thickened, tuberous. |
Stems | erect, green or light purple, simple, (stout), glabrous and glaucous proximally, setose or hispid distally. |
1–5, erect, mostly green with mottled purple, slender, simple, glabrous. |
Leaves | proximal usually present at flowering; petioles broadly winged, (1–15 cm); blades broadly oblanceolate to spatulate, 4–25 × 1–8 cm, coriaceous, bases attenuate, clasping, margins entire or weakly denticulate, apices obtuse or rounded, faces glabrous; mid cauline sessile, clasping; distal sessile and reduced. |
proximal present at flowering; petiolate (petioles winged); blades oblong to linear, 7–18 × 0.5–6 cm, coriaceous, bases attenuate, margins deeply pinnately lobed or divided, lobes narrow and at right angles, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or slightly glabrate along veins; distally sessile and much reduced. |
Involucres | campanulate, 11–12 × 4–7 mm. |
cylindro-campanulate, 10–13 × 3–4 mm. |
Florets | 9–29; corollas usually pinkish, sometimes white or lavender, 7–13 mm. |
8–10; corollas usually pinkish, sometimes lavender or white, 11–17 mm. |
Phyllaries | 7–14, green to purple, lanceolate to linear, 10–12 mm, margins scarious, sparsely to densely setose. |
7–8, pink or purple, linear to elliptic, 8–13 mm, glabrous. |
Calyculi | of 8, dark green to purple, narrowly triangular-subulate bractlets 2–4 mm, coarsely setose. |
of 6–8, green to purple, triangular to subulate bractlets 1–4 mm. |
Heads | (ascending) in (elongate) narrowly racemiform or paniculiform arrays. |
(1–2 in pedunculate lateral clusters) in spiciform or racemiform arrays. |
Cypselae | golden brown, sub-cylindric, subterete, 5–6 mm, indistinctly 8–12-ribbed; pappi pale yellow, 6–7 mm. |
dark green, elliptic to linear, subterete to angular, 3.5–5.5 mm, indistinctly 8–10-ribbed; pappi pale yellow to tan, 5 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Prenanthes racemosa |
Prenanthes autumnalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Sep. | Flowering Aug–Oct. |
Habitat | Sandy alluvial soils of stream banks, wet meadows, tall-grass prairies, fens, marshy flats, bogs (mainly calcicolous, at least in north) | Coastal plain, low savannas, sandy pinelands, moist places, swales |
Elevation | 0–2800 m (0–9200 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
CO; IA; IL; IN; KY; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; QC; SK
|
DE; FL; GA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; VA |
Discussion | Prenanthes racemosa is recognized by its erect, stout, simple habit, glaucous stems, spatulate proximal leaves with broadly winged petioles and rounded to obtuse apices, heads borne in narrow racemiform arrays, purple and hairy phyllaries, and usually pinkish corollas. It is most similar to P. aspera, which differs in its generally smaller stature, more hirsute stems, leaves that are hispid abaxially, proximal leaves usually withered by flowering, and creamy white or yellow corollas. Hybrids between P. racemosa and P. trifoliolata, known as P. ×mainensis, occur in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada (see discussion under P. trifoliolata). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Prenanthes autumnalis is recognized by its erect, slender habit, pinnately lobed proximal leaves, narrowly racemiform or spiciform arrays of heads, glabrous phyllaries, and usually pinkish corollas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 269. | FNA vol. 19, p. 267. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nabalus racemosus, P. racemosa subsp. multiflora, P. racemosa var. pinnatifida | Nabalus virgatus, P. virgata |
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 84. (1803) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 193. (1788) |
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