Prenanthes altissima |
Prenanthes carrii |
|
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prenanthe élevée, tall rattlesnakeroot |
Carr's rattlesnakeroot |
|
Habit | Plants 40–250 cm; taproots thickened, knotty, tuberous. | Plants 80–150 cm; taproots tuberous, with lateral roots. |
Stems | erect, greenish to purplish, glabrous proximally, often tomentulose distally. |
erect, simple, glabrous or strigose proximally, tomentose distally. |
Leaves | proximal present at flowering; petioles winged; blades usually ovate or triangular, 4–15 × 2–16 cm, thin, bases truncate to hastate or cordate, margins entire or shallowly dentate, often deeply 3-lobed, faces glabrous or with scattered hairs on veins; distal reduced in size and lobing. |
proximal usually present at flowering; petiolate (petioles 2.2–3 cm); blades (light green) sagittate to ovate, 13–25 × 7–12 cm, thin, bases attenuate, margins coarsely and irregularly dentate, apices acute to rounded, faces glabrous or lightly setose along veins; distal reduced to bracts. |
Involucres | cylindric, 9–14 × 2–3 mm. |
cylindric to campanulate, 4–9 × 2–3 mm. |
Florets | (4–)5(–6); corollas pale yellow to greenish yellow, 7–15 mm. |
9–11; corollas white to creamy, 11.5–13.5 mm. |
Phyllaries | (4–)5(–6), pale green, often blackish at bases and apices, linear to lanceolate, 10–12 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
8, green to rose, linear-subulate to lanceolate, 9–11 mm, (apices minutely ciliate) faces glabrate (midribs sparingly hispid). |
Calyculi | of 4–6, blackish, triangular bractlets 1–4 mm, glabrous. |
of 5–12, linear-subulate to narrowly lanceolate bractlets 2–4 mm, hispid. |
Heads | in narrow or spreading, paniculiform arrays. |
in paniculiform arrays. |
Cypselae | brown to tan, subcylindric, subterete, 4–5 mm, indistinctly 5–10-ribbed; pappi usually whitish or pale yellow, sometimes reddish brown, 5–6 mm. |
golden yellow to tan, subcylindric, angled to terete, 6–7 mm, prominently 12–15-ribbed; pappi white to tan or yellow, 7–8 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Prenanthes altissima |
Prenanthes carrii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Aug–Nov. | Flowering Aug–Nov. |
Habitat | Open deciduous hardwood or mixed woods, shaded slopes, bluffs, disturbed areas, roadsides | Rich woodlands, canyons |
Elevation | 50–800 m (200–2600 ft) | 300–900 m (1000–3000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
|
TX |
Discussion | Prenanthes altissima is recognized by its narrow involucres with 5 pale green, glabrous phyllaries, (4–)5(–6) florets, and pale yellow to greenish yellow corollas. Pappi in this species are most commonly whitish or pale yellow. Specimens with reddish brown to orange pappi have been recognized as var. cinnamomea, found in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri. Specimens with densely hairy stems and pale yellow pappi have been recognized as var. hispidula, found mostly in New York, New England, and adjacent Canada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Prenanthes carrii is recognized primarily by its relatively tall size and long-petiolate, sagittate proximal and mid-cauline leaves, which are similar to those of P. alata and P. sagittata, species found far to the north. It is known only from the southwestern Edwards Plateau. It is thought to be closely related to P. barbata (J. R. Singhurst et al. 2004). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 266. | FNA vol. 19, p. 268. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Prenanthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Nabalus altissimus, P. altissima var. cinnamomea, P. altissima var. hispidula | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 797. (1753) | Singhurst: Sida 21: 187, fig. 2. (2004) |
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